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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04) : 308 -314. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2026.04.003

论著

血清钠高变异度与心脏骤停患者死亡风险的相关性研究
龚平1, 胡小聪1, 张敬2, 赵红2,†()   
  1. 1518020 深圳,深圳市人民医院(暨南大学第二临床医学院,南方科技大学第一附属医院)急诊科
    2100041 北京,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院急诊科
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-24 出版日期:2026-08-31
  • 通信作者: 赵红
  • 基金资助:
    广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2026A1515012572); 深圳市科创委重点产业研发计划项目(ZDCY20250901110303004); 深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20230807112007014); 深圳市医学重点学科建设基金(SZXK046)

Correlation between high variability of serum sodium and a risk of death in patients with cardiac arrest

Ping Gong1, Xiaocong Hu1, Jing Zhang2, Hong Zhao2,†()   

  1. 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
    2Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100041, China
  • Received:2026-04-24 Published:2026-08-31
  • Corresponding author: Hong Zhao
引用本文:

龚平, 胡小聪, 张敬, 赵红. 血清钠高变异度与心脏骤停患者死亡风险的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(04): 308-314.

Ping Gong, Xiaocong Hu, Jing Zhang, Hong Zhao. Correlation between high variability of serum sodium and a risk of death in patients with cardiac arrest[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2026, 19(04): 308-314.

目的

探讨进入ICU后不同时间窗(0 ~ 3 d、0 ~ 7 d、0 ~ 28 d)血清钠变异度与相应心脏骤停(CA)患者死亡风险的关系。

方法

基于美国重症监护医学信息数据库Ⅳ,纳入结局资料完整的6 196例CA患者。在0 ~ 3 d、0 ~ 7 d及0 ~ 28 d三个时间窗分别计算血清钠变异度,按四分位数(Q1 ~ Q4)分组。以最高四分位组(Q4)为高变异度组,Q1 ~ Q3合并为低变异度组。将人口统计学特征,入院类型,入ICU第1日实验室指标及序贯器官衰竭评估评分的凝血分项评分、实验室总分设为协变量,以血清钠变异度为主要暴露变量,经过倾向性评分逆概率处理加权(IPTW)均衡组间基线混杂因素,采用logistic回归分析血清钠变异度对CA患者病死率的影响。

结果

在6 196例CA患者中,在0 ~ 3 d、0 ~ 7 d及0 ~ 28 d时间窗内,满足至少有2个清洗后血清钠日均值可计算变异度的有效分析病例数分别为5 564、5 590和5 624例。经过IPTW校正后,0 ~ 28 d窗口中,高变异度组与低变异度组相比死亡风险显著升高[比值比(OR)= 1.950,95%置信区间(CI)(1.700,2.238),P < 0.001];0 ~ 3 d[OR = 1.411,95%CI(1.117,1.782),P = 0.004]及0 ~ 7 d[OR = 1.579,95%CI(1.335,1.868),P < 0.001]时间窗结果趋势一致。

结论

不同时间窗血清钠高变异度均与CA患者死亡风险升高相关,提示血清钠波动幅度可作为CA患者预后风险分层的参考指标。

Objective

To investigate the relationship between serum sodium variability within different time windows (0-3 d, 0-7 d, and 0-28 d) after admission to the ICU and the risk of death in patients with cardiac arrest (CA).

Methods

Based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ of the United States, 6 196 CA patients with complete outcome data were included. Serum sodium variability was calculated respectively in the three time windows of 0-3 days, 0-7 days, and 0-28 days, and grouped according to quartiles (Q1-Q4). The highest quartile (Q4) was regarded as the high variability group, and Q1 to Q3 were combined as the low variability group. Demographic characteristics, admission type, laboratory indicators on the first day of ICU admission, and coagulation sub-item scores and total laboratory scores of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) were set as covariates, and serum sodium variability was used as the main exposure variable. The propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance the baseline confounding factors among groups, and logistic regression was performed to analyze the influence of serum sodium variability on the mortality of patients with CA.

Results

Among the 6 196 CA patients, the number of effective analysis cases that met the requirement of having at least two daily mean values of serum sodium after washing for calculable variability was 5 564, 5 590, and 5 624 within the time windows of 0-3 days, 0-7 days, and 0-28 days, respectively. After IPTW correction, in the 0-28 days window, the risk of death in the high variability group was significantly higher than that in the low variability group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.950, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.700, 2.238), P < 0.001]; the results of 0-3 days [OR = 1.411, 95%CI (1.117, 1.782), P = 0.004] and 0-7 days [OR = 1.579, 95%CI (1.335, 1.868), P < 0.001] time windows showed consistent trends.

Conclusion

The high serum sodium variability within different time windows after ICU admission is associated with an increased mortality risk in CA patients, suggesting that the fluctuation range of serum sodium can be used as a reference indicator for prognostic risk stratification in these patients.

表1 两组CA患者基线临床特征比较
表2 两组CA患者入ICU第1日实验室指标比较[M(P25,P75)]
表3 不同时间窗CA患者IPTW加权前后血清钠变异度与相应病死率的logistic回归分析结果
图1 两组CA患者0 ~ 28 d时间窗倾向性评分分布在逆概率处理加权法加权前后的分布图注:CA.心脏骤停;Q1 ~ Q4是根据对应窗口血清钠变异度的四分位数进行分组,高变异度组为Q4组,低变异度组为Q1 ~ Q3合并组;a图为加权前,两组倾向性评分的分布存在差异,提示基线特征不均衡;b图为加权后,两组倾向性评分的分布重叠度显著增加,表明组间可比性得到有效改善
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