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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (04) : 271 -278. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2022.04.002

论著

脱机拔管后呼吸衰竭患者序贯经鼻高流量湿化氧疗失败的危险因素分析
李小钦1, 翁丽红1, 林晟1, 何华强1, 李鸿茹1, 陈愉生1, 许能銮1,()   
  1. 1. 350001 福州,福建医科大学省立临床医学院 福建省立医院呼吸与危重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-04 出版日期:2022-08-31
  • 通信作者: 许能銮
  • 基金资助:
    2018年省卫生计生青年科研课题立项建议单位资助计划(2018-2-4); 福建省科技厅引导性项目(2018Y0010)

Risk factors for failure of sequential high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients with respiratory failure after weaning from invasive ventilation

Xiaoqin Li1, Lihong Weng1, Sheng Lin1, Huaqiang He1, Hongru Li1, Yusheng Chen1, Nengluan Xu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinic College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
  • Received:2021-08-04 Published:2022-08-31
  • Corresponding author: Nengluan Xu
引用本文:

李小钦, 翁丽红, 林晟, 何华强, 李鸿茹, 陈愉生, 许能銮. 脱机拔管后呼吸衰竭患者序贯经鼻高流量湿化氧疗失败的危险因素分析[J]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2022, 15(04): 271-278.

Xiaoqin Li, Lihong Weng, Sheng Lin, Huaqiang He, Hongru Li, Yusheng Chen, Nengluan Xu. Risk factors for failure of sequential high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients with respiratory failure after weaning from invasive ventilation[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2022, 15(04): 271-278.

目的

分析拔管后仍存在呼吸衰竭的患者序贯经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)失败率及其危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析2017年1月1日至2019年3月31日入住福建省立医院ICU气管插管拔管后行序贯HFNC的145例患者。根据HFNC成功与否将其分为HFNC成功组(113例)和HFNC失败组(32例)。比较两组患者的临床资料及实验室指标,并采用Logistic回归分析探究HFNC治疗失败的独立危险因素。

结果

HFNC成功组和HFNC失败组患者插管原因(χ2 = 11.224,P = 0.024)、慢性心力衰竭(χ2 = 4.863,P = 0.027)、心脏瓣膜病(χ2 = 6.435,P = 0.011)、呼吸道病原学阳性(χ2 = 8.909,P = 0.003),拔管当天序贯器官衰竭估计评分(Z = 2.138,P = 0.032)、急性病生理学和长期健康评价Ⅱ评分(t = 2.307,P = 0.023),插管期间使用血管活性药物(χ2 = 4.153,P = 0.042)和雾化N-乙酰半胱氨酸(χ2 = 4.531,P = 0.033),拔管前2 d内中性粒细胞计数(t = 2.170,P = 0.032)、淋巴细胞总数<0.8 × 109/L(χ2 = 5.941,P = 0.024)、降钙素原(Z = 2.656,P = 0.008)比较,差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,拔管前2 d内外周血淋巴细胞总数<0.8 × 109/L[比值比(OR)= 2.898,95%置信区间(CI)(1.059,7.935),P = 0.038]和呼吸道病原学阳性[OR = 4.617,95%CI(1.463,14.568),P = 0.009]为HFNC失败的独立危险因素。

结论

拔管前2 d内外周血淋巴细胞计数<0.8 × 109/L和呼吸道病原体阳性为气管插管拔管后仍存在呼吸衰竭的患者序贯HFNC失败的独立危险因素。

Objective

To investigate the failure rate and risk factors of sequential high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in patients still with respiratory failure after weaning from invasive ventilation.

Methods

Patients who accepted sequential HFNC after weaning from invasive ventilation in the ICU of Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 1st 2017 to March 31st 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the HFNC success group (113 cases) and HFNC failure group (32 cases) according to the success or failure of HFNC. The clinical data and laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for HFNC treatment failure.

Results

The differences between the two groups were statistically significant in the following factors: the causes of intubation (χ2 = 11.224, P = 0.024), chronic heart failure (χ2 = 4.863, P = 0.027), valvular heart disease (χ2 = 6.435, P = 0.011), positive respiratory pathogens (χ2 = 8.909, P = 0.003), sequential organ failure assessment score (Z = 2.138, P = 0.032) and acute physiology and long-term health evaluation Ⅱ score (t = 2.307, P = 0.023) on the day of extubation, the use of vasoactive drugs (χ2 = 4.153, P = 0.042) and nebulized N-acetylcysteine (χ2 = 4.531, P = 0.033) during intubation, and neutrophil count (t = 2.170, P = 0.032), lymphocyte count <0.8 × 109/L (χ2 = 5.941, P = 0.024) and procalcitonin (Z = 2.656, P = 0.008) within 2 days before extubation. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the total number of peripheral blood lymphocytes <0.8 × 109/L within 2 days before extubation [odds ratio (OR) = 2.898, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.059, 7.935), P = 0.038] and positive respiratory pathogens [OR = 4.617, 95%CI (1.463, 14.568), P = 0.009] were independent risk factors for HFNC failure.

Conclusion

The peripheral blood lymphocyte count <0.8 × 109/L within 2 days before extubation and positive respiratory pathogens are independent risk factors for sequential HFNC failure in patients with respiratory failure after extubation.

表1 脱机后序贯HFNC成功组和失败组呼吸衰竭患者各项临床指标的单因素分析[例(%)]
组别 例数 男性 年龄≥ 65岁 吸烟史 插管原因
呼吸衰竭 心力衰竭 神经源性因素 手术需要 除呼吸原因外的休克
HFNC失败组 32 18(56.2) 21(65.6) 12(37.5) 15(46.9) 5(15.6) 4(12.5) 7(21.9) 1(3.1)
HFNC成功组 113 74(65.5) 77(68.1) 40(35.4) 71(62.8) 24(21.2) 9(8.0) 5(4.4) 4(3.5)
t/χ2/Z   0.917 0.072 0.048 11.224
P   0.338 0.788 0.827 0.024
组别 例数 插管时间≥7 d 基础疾病 病原学
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 慢性心力衰竭 心脏瓣膜病 支气管哮喘 COPD 血培养阳性 呼吸道病原学阳性 尿培养阳性
HFNC失败组 32 18(56.2) 13(40.6) 17(53.1) 8(25.0) 1(3.1) 6(18.8) 7(21.9) 24(75.0) 7(21.9)
HFNC成功组 113 57(50.4) 39(34.5) 36(31.9) 8(7.1) 11(9.7) 26(23.0) 11(9.7) 51(45.1) 20(17.7)
t/χ2/Z   0.337 0.405 4.863 6.435 0.697 3.128 2.356 8.909 0.287
P   0.562 0.525 0.027 0.011 0.404 0.077 0.125 0.003 0.592
组别 例数 插管当天 拔管当天 插管期间的治疗
SOFA评分[分,MP25P75)] APACHEⅡ评分(分,±s SOFA评分[分,MP25P75)] APACHEⅡ评分(分,±s 使用血管活性药物 雾化吸入NAC
HFNC失败组 32 8.00(6.00,11.00) 21 ± 7 6.00(4.00,7.00) 14 ± 5 26(81.2) 29(90.6)
HFNC成功组 113 8.00(5.50,11.00) 20 ± 7 4.00(3.00,6.00) 12 ± 5 70(61.9) 82(72.6)
t/χ2/Z   0.345 0.696 2.138 2.307 4.153 4.531
P   0.730 0.488 0.032 0.023 0.042 0.033
表2 脱机后序贯HFNC成功组和失败组呼吸衰竭患者各项实验室检查指标[MP25P75)]
图1 脱机后序贯HFNC的呼吸衰竭患者呼吸道病原体检出情况注:HFNC.经鼻高流量湿化氧疗
表3 ICU患者气管插管脱机后序贯HFNC失败的多因素Logistic分析
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