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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04) : 315 -321. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2026.04.004

论著

ICU急性胰腺炎患者早期血清阴离子间隙与谵妄发生风险的关联研究
卞文霞1, 黄东亚2,3,†()   
  1. 1210036 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院(龙江院区)护理大科
    2210029 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院重症医学科
    3210029 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院胰腺中心
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-07 出版日期:2026-08-31
  • 通信作者: 黄东亚
  • 基金资助:
    南京医科大学第一附属医院"临床能力提升工程"面上项目(JSPH-MB-2021-2)

Association between early serum anion gap and delirium risk in ICU patients with acute pancreatitis

Wenxia Bian1, Dongya Huang2,3,†()   

  1. 1Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Longjiang Campus), Nanjing 210036, China
    2Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
    3Department of Pancreas Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2026-02-07 Published:2026-08-31
  • Corresponding author: Dongya Huang
引用本文:

卞文霞, 黄东亚. ICU急性胰腺炎患者早期血清阴离子间隙与谵妄发生风险的关联研究[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(04): 315-321.

Wenxia Bian, Dongya Huang. Association between early serum anion gap and delirium risk in ICU patients with acute pancreatitis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2026, 19(04): 315-321.

目的

评估ICU急性胰腺炎(AP)患者入院首日血清阴离子间隙(AG)水平与ICU期间谵妄发生风险的非线性关联及其阈值效应。

方法

本回顾性研究基于重症监护医学信息数据库Ⅳ(MIMIC-Ⅳ),筛选2008年至2019年间首次入住ICU的成年AP患者。主要暴露变量为入ICU 24 h内首次测定的AG值,主要结局为ICU期间发生谵妄。采用多因素logistic回归模型,校正人口学特征、病情严重程度及其他关键临床变量等混杂因素,评估AG与谵妄的独立关联。此外,利用广义相加模型(GAM)和双分段线性回归模型,探索AG与谵妄风险间的非线性关系及潜在阈值。

结果

共纳入890例AP患者,其中237例(26.6%)患者在ICU期间发生谵妄。多因素logistic回归模型调整后,AG整体与AP患者发生谵妄风险无显著关联[比值比(OR)= 1.028,95%置信区间(CI)(0.993,1.064),P = 0.117]。然而,GAM和双分段线性回归分析揭示AG与AP患者发生谵妄间存在显著非线性关系,其阈值为14.0 mmol/L。当AG < 14.0 mmol/L时,AG每升高1.0 mmol/L,发生谵妄风险增加15.5%[OR = 1.155,95%CI(1.018,1.310),P = 0.025];而当AG ≥ 14.0 mmol/L时,该关联无统计学意义[OR = 1.005,95%CI(0.963,1.048),P = 0.827]。

结论

AP患者入ICU首日血清AG水平与ICU期间谵妄风险呈非线性关系,其正向关联仅存在于AG低于14.0 mmol/L的区间。AG作为一种常规、简便且经济的代谢指标,在AP患者早期谵妄风险分层中具有潜在应用价值,可为临床早期预警和针对性干预提供参考。

Objective

To evaluate the non-linear association and threshold effect between serum anion gap (AG) levels on the first day of ICU admission and the risk of delirium during the ICU stay in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients.

Methods

This retrospective study utilized the medical information mart for intensive care-Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database, including adult AP patients admitted to the ICU for the first time between 2008 and 2019. The primary exposure variable was the AG value first measured within 24 hours of ICU admission and the primary outcome was the occurrence of delirium during the ICU stay. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for demographic characteristics, disease severity, and other key clinical variables, were used to assess the independent association between AG and delirium. Generalized additive models (GAM) and two-piecewise linear regression models were employed to explore its non-linear relationship and potential threshold.

Results

A total of 890 AP patients were included, of whom 237 (26.6%) experienced delirium during their ICU stay. After multivariate logistic regression models adjustment, the overall AG was not significantly associated with the delirium risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.028, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.993, 1.064), P = 0.117]. However, GAM and two-piecewise linear regression analysis revealed a significant non-linear relationship between AG and delirium, with a threshold of 14.0 mmol/L. Specifically, when AG was < 14.0 mmol/L, an increase of 1.0 mmol/L in AG was associated with a 15.5% increased risk of delirium [OR = 1.155, 95%CI (1.018, 1.310), P = 0.025]; when AG was ≥ 14.0 mmol/L, the association was not statistically significant [OR = 1.005, 95%CI (0.963, 1.048), P = 0.827].

Conclusions

Serum AG levels on the first day of ICU admission in AP patients are non-linearly associated with the risk of delirium during ICU stay, with a positive correlation only present when AG is below approximately 14.0 mmol/L. AG, as a routine, convenient, and cost-effective metabolic indicator, has potential value in early delirium risk stratification for AP patients, offering a reference for clinical warning and targeted interventions.

表1 高AG组与低AG组急性胰腺炎患者的基线特征比较
变量 低AG组(n = 384) 高AG组(n = 506) t/χ2/Z值 P值
女性[例(%)] 168(43.8) 205(40.5) 0.939 0.332
年龄(岁, ± s) 59 ± 17 57 ± 18 1.062 0.289
体质量(kg, ± s) 85 ± 22 86 ± 24 0.457 0.648
SOFA评分[分,M(P25,P75)] 5.0(2.8,8.0) 7.0(4.0,11.0) 6.048 < 0.001
体温(°C, ± s) 36.9 ± 0.9 36.9 ± 0.9 1.334 0.183
心率(次/min, ± s) 102 ± 22 103 ± 22 0.891 0.373
呼吸频率(次/min, ± s) 22 ± 6 22 ± 6 1.922 0.055
MAP(mmHg, ± s) 88 ± 19 87 ± 21 0.063 0.949
WBC[× 109/L,M(P25,P75)] 12.4(8.8,16.9) 12.7(8.7,18.8) 1.068 0.286
血红蛋白(g/L, ± s) 109 ± 26 114 ± 27 2.808 0.005
血小板计数[× 109/L,M(P25,P75)] 198.5(140.0,305.2) 177.0(124.0,248.0) 3.480 < 0.001
血肌酐[μmol/L,M(P25,P75)] 79.6(53.0,106.1) 123.8(79.6,229.8) 10.334 < 0.001
BUN[mmol/L,M(P25,P75)] 5.7(3.6,9.6) 8.6(5.0,16.4) 7.509 < 0.001
ALT[U/L,M(P25,P75)] 39.5(20.0,100.0) 53.0(25.0,136.0) 2.958 0.003
AST[U/L,M(P25,P75)] 58.0(30.0,125.5) 82.0(36.0,202.0) 3.862 < 0.001
血糖[mmol/L,M(P25,P75)] 6.9(5.7,8.8) 7.5(5.9,10.7) 3.669 < 0.001
血钙(mmol/L, ± s) 2.00 ± 0.26 2.01 ± 0.30 0.929 0.364
血钾(mmol/L, ± s) 4.1 ± 0.8 4.3 ± 1.0 2.909 0.004
血钠(mmol/L, ± s) 137 ± 6 137 ± 7 0.886 0.376
脓毒症[例(%)] 237(61.7) 346(68.4) 4.287 0.038
急性肾损伤[例(%)] 281(73.2) 392(77.5) 2.183 0.140
有创机械通气[例(%)] 180(46.9) 233(46.0) 0.060 0.806
CRRT[例(%)] 34(8.9) 95(18.8) 17.337 < 0.001
高血压[例(%)] 172(44.8) 214(42.3) 0.555 0.456
糖尿病[例(%)] 127(33.1) 174(34.4) 0.169 0.681
充血性心力衰竭[例(%)] 76(19.8) 106(20.9) 0.180 0.672
严重肝病[例(%)] 36(9.4) 80(15.8) 7.976 0.005
慢性肾病[例(%)] 63(16.4) 112(22.1) 4.535 0.033
慢性肺疾病[例(%)] 74(19.3) 112(22.1) 1.083 0.298
恶性肿瘤[例(%)] 32(8.3) 40(7.9) 0.054 0.817
ICU LOS[d,M(P25,P75)] 3.2(1.8,7.7) 3.3(1.9,7.9) 0.955 0.339
谵妄[例(%)] 82(21.4) 155(30.6) 9.619 0.002
表2 影响急性胰腺炎患者发生谵妄的单因素分析
表3 不同模型中AG与急性胰腺炎患者谵妄发生风险的关系
图1 AG与AP患者谵妄发生风险的非线性关系注:AG.阴离子间隙;AP.急性胰腺炎;CI.置信区间;红色散点为AG与患者发生谵妄风险的非线性关系曲线,蓝色散点为95%CI曲线
表4 AG与急性胰腺炎患者谵妄发生风险的双分段线性回归分析
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