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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (03) : 204 -214. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2025.03.005

论著

脓毒性休克患者不同剂量去甲肾上腺素与肠内营养实施的相关性研究
何玮, 张望琳, 孙立群()   
  1. 210011 南京,南京医科大学第二附属医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-18 出版日期:2025-06-30
  • 通信作者: 孙立群
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省老年健康科研项目(LR2022003); 南京医科大学第二附属医院"789"卓越人才培养项目(789ZYRC202070317)

Association between different doses of norepinephrine and implementation of enteral nutrition in patients with septic shock

Wei He, Wanglin Zhang, Liqun Sun()   

  1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
  • Received:2024-10-18 Published:2025-06-30
  • Corresponding author: Liqun Sun
引用本文:

何玮, 张望琳, 孙立群. 脓毒性休克患者不同剂量去甲肾上腺素与肠内营养实施的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(03): 204-214.

Wei He, Wanglin Zhang, Liqun Sun. Association between different doses of norepinephrine and implementation of enteral nutrition in patients with septic shock[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(03): 204-214.

目的

探讨不同剂量去甲肾上腺素与肠内营养实施的相关性,分析实施肠内营养的脓毒性休克患者预后的影响因素及预测指标。

方法

选择2021年12月至2022年8月南京医科大学第二附属医院ICU收入的57例脓毒性休克患者为研究对象,根据去甲肾上腺素当量剂量(NEQ)< 0.14 μg·kg-1·min-1或≥ 0.14 μg·kg-1·min-1将其分为低剂量组(38例)和高剂量组(19例)。收集患者的一般资料,并比较两组患者肠内营养应用第1天和第5天肠系膜上动脉(SMA)多普勒参数的差异。用多元线性回归分析肠内营养应用第5天患者SMA血流动力学差异的相关因素。根据28 d全因死亡情况将57例患者分为生存组(41例)和死亡组(16例),用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响应用肠内营养的脓毒性休克患者预后的独立危险因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估平均动脉压(MAP)/NEQ对脓毒性休克患者预后的预测价值。用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较高MAP/NEQ组与低MAP/NEQ组患者的生存情况。

结果

低剂量组患者肠内营养第5天的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)和血流量(Q)均较第1天显著升高;高剂量组第5天的EDV和Q均较第1天显著升高,而搏动指数(PI)则显著降低(P均<0.05)。高剂量组患者28 d全因死亡和喂养不耐受发生情况较低剂量组显著增加,而ICU住院时间则显著缩短(P均<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示NEQ、MAP/NEQ与PSV、EDV均呈负相关,与PI均呈正相关(P均< 0.05)。MAP/NEQ是影响实施肠内营养的脓毒性休克患者预后的独立保护因素[风险比(HR)= 0.9995,95%置信区间(CI)(0.9991,0.9999),P = 0.047]。ROC曲线分析显示MAP/NEQ的曲线下面积为0.716[95%CI(0.582,0.828)],最佳截断值为1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1)。根据最佳截断值,将57例患者分为高MAP/NEQ组[MAP/NEQ > 1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1),36例]和低MAP/NEQ组[MAP/NEQ ≤ 1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1),21例]。高MAP/NEQ组患者序贯器官衰竭评估评分、心率、NEQ、营养风险筛查-2002量表评分及28 d病死率均显著低于低MAP/NEQ组,ICU住院时间显著高于低MAP/NEQ组(P均< 0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线提示高MAP/NEQ组28 d累积生存率显著高于低MAP/NEQ组(χ2 = 14.300,P < 0.001)。

结论

MAP/NEQ是影响实施肠内营养的脓毒性休克患者预后的独立保护因素,MAP/NEQ > 1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1)时可能会改善该类患者的预后。

Objective

To investigate the association between different doses of norepinephrine and the implementation of enteral nutrition, and to analyze the risk factors and predictors of prognosis in septic shock patients receiving enteral nutrition.

Methods

Fifty-seven septic shock patients admitted to the ICU of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between December 2021 and August 2022 were selected and divided into a low-dose group (n = 38) and a high-dose group (n = 19) according to a norepinephrine equivalent dose (NEQ) < 0.14 μg·kg-1·min-1 or ≥ 0.14 μg·kg-1·min-1. General data of patients were collected, and the differences in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) Doppler parameters on the first and fifth days of enteral nutrition application were compared between the two groups. Factors associated with hemodynamic differences in the SMA were analyzed using multiple linear regression on the fifth day of enteral nutrition application. Septic shock patients were divided into survival (n = 41) and death (n= 16) groups according to 28-d mortality, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze independent risk factors affecting the outcome of septic shock patients who received enteral nutrition. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of mean arterial pressure (MAP) /NEQ for the outcome of patients with septic shock. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the survival condition of patients with septic shock in the high MAP/NEQ and low MAP/NEQ groups.

Results

The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and blood flow (Q) of patients in the low-dose group on the fifth day of enteral nutrition increased significantly compared to the first day (all P < 0.05). The EDV and Q of patients in the high-dose group increased significantly on the fifth day compared to the first day, while the pulsatility index (PI) decreased significantly (all P < 0.05). The 28-d mortality and feeding intolerance in the high-dose group increased significantly compared to the low-dose group, while the length of ICU stay shortened significantly (all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that NEQ and MAP/NEQ were negatively correlated with PSV and EDV, and positively correlated with PI (all P < 0.05). MAP/NEQ was an independent protective factor affecting the prognosis of septic shock patients receiving enteral nutrition [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.9995, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.9991, 0.9999), P = 0.047]. The area under the curve for MAP/NEQ obtained by the ROC curve was 0.716 [95%CI (0.582, 0.828)], and the optimal cutoff value was 1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1). According to this value, 57 patients with septic shock were divided into a high MAP/NEQ group [MAP/NEQ > 1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1), 36 cases] and a low MAP/NEQ group [MAP/NEQ ≤ 1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1), 21 cases]. The sequential organ failure assessment score, heart rate, NEQ, nutrition risk screening 2002 score, and 28-d mortality of patients in the high MAP/NEQ group were significantly lower than those in the low MAP/NEQ group, while the ICU stay was significantly longer (all P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 28-d cumulative survival rate of the high MAP/NEQ group was significantly higher than that of the low MAP/NEQ group (χ2 = 14.300, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

MAP/NEQ is an independent protective factor affecting the outcome of septic shock patients who receive enteral nutrition. MAP/NEQ > 1 116.667 mmHg/(μg·kg-1·min-1) may improve their prognosis.

图1 脓毒症患者SMA超声图像注:SMA.肠系膜上动脉;AORTA.主动脉;CA.腹腔动脉;a图超声提示自AORTA分出CA和SMA;b图提示彩色多普勒血流信号充盈于CA、SMA管腔内
表1 不同剂量去甲肾上腺素组脓毒性休克患者的一般情况比较
图2 低剂量组脓毒性休克患者肠内营养应用第1天(a)和第5天(b)SMA多普勒图像注:SMA.肠系膜上动脉;PS.收缩期峰值流速;ED.舒张末期血流速度;TAMAX.时间平均峰值流速;TAMEAN.时间平均流速;PI.搏动指数;RI.阻力指数;S/D.收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期血流速度的比值;HR.心率;图中PS、ED及TAMEAN为多普勒图像显示,对应文中的PSV、EDV及TAVM;a图所示图像为1例低剂量组患者启用肠内营养第1天的SMA多普勒参数,PS为44.99 cm/s,ED为14.61 cm/s,PI为3.19;b图所示图像为1例低剂量组患者启用肠内营养第5天的SMA多普勒参数,PS为58.70 cm/s,ED为21.35 cm/s,PI为3.06
图3 高剂量组脓毒性休克患者肠内营养应用第1天(a)和第5天(b)SMA多普勒图像注:SMA.肠系膜上动脉;PS.收缩期峰值流速;ED.舒张末期血流速度;TAMAX.时间平均峰值流速;TAMEAN.时间平均流速;PI.搏动指数;RI.阻力指数;S/D.收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期血流速度的比值;HR.心率;图中PS、ED及TAMEAN为多普勒图像显示,对应文中的PSV、EDV及TAVM;a图所示图像为1例高剂量组患者启用肠内营养第1天的SMA多普勒参数,PS为57.00 cm/s,ED为9.26 cm/s,PI为3.17;b图所示图像为1例高剂量组患者启用肠内营养第5天的SMA多普勒参数,PS为68.46 cm/s,ED为24.31 cm/s,PI为1.40
表2 肠内营养第1天和第5天不同去甲肾上腺素剂量组脓毒性休克患者SMA多普勒参数的比较
表3 肠内营养第5天脓毒性休克患者SMA多普勒参数差异相关因素的线性回归分析
表4 生存组和死亡组脓毒性休克患者的一般情况比较
表5 影响脓毒性休克患者预后的Cox回归模型分析
图4 ROC曲线分析MAP/NEQ对实施肠内营养的脓毒性休克患者28 d预后的预测价值注:ROC.受试者工作特征;MAP.平均动脉压;NEQ.去甲肾上腺素当量剂量
表6 高MAP/NEQ组和低MAP/NEQ组脓毒性休克患者的一般情况比较
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