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Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition) ›› 2024, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (06): 458-464. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2024.06.004

• Original Articles • Previous Articles    

Risk factors for central nervous system infections in acute herpes zoster patients

Meidi Wang1, Jun Wang1, Yan Zhang1, Zhujuan Wu1, Yongxing Yan1, Huili Liu1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Neurology,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
  • Received:2024-05-24 Online:2024-12-31 Published:2025-02-18
  • Contact: Huili Liu

Abstract:

Objective

To analyze the risk factors of central nervous system (CNS) infections in acute herpes zoster patients, and to provide reference for the prevention and early diagnosis and treatment of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) related CNS infections.

Methods

A total of 1 059 patients with acute herpes zoster admitted to the Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively included.They were divided into a herpes zoster group (1 020 cases) and a herpes zoster-CNS infection group (39 cases) based on whether they had concurrent CNS infections.The differences in clinical characteristics and serum marker levels between the two groups were analyzed.Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to screen independent risk factors for concurrent CNS infections in herpes zoster patients.

Results

Compared with the herpes zoster group, patients in the herpes zoster-CNS infection group had a longer interval from onset to treatment, younger age, lower blood chloride and total protein levels,and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and glutamyltranspeptidase levels, with herpes mainly located in the head and neck and infection prevailing in males (all P <0.05).Using the concurrent CNS infection as the dependent variable, binary logistic regression analysis found that the interval from onset to treatment [odds ratio (OR)=1.165, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.012, 1.341), P=0.034], herpes site (head and neck) [OR=2.059, 95%CI (1.192, 3.555), P=0.010], and CRP[OR = 1.017, 95%CI (1.001, 1.033), P = 0.041] were independent risk factors for acute herpes zoster patients complicating CNS infections, while the total protein content [OR = 0.947, 95%CI(0.900, 0.995), P = 0.032] was a protective factor.

Conclusions

Identifying the risk factors for CNS infections caused by reactivation of VZV is helpful for early screening of intracranial infections.Clinicians should pay attention to the acute herpes zoster patients who experience herpes in the head and neck and have elevated CRP levels and decreased total protein levels.Early intervention may reduce the incidence of CNS infections.

Key words: Varicella-zoster virus, Herpes zoster, Central nervous system, Infection, Risk factors

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