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Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition) ›› 2022, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (01): 14-21. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2022.01.004

• Original Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Cytological characteristics of bone marrow in adult patients with sepsis

Jiwei Zhao1, Zhifen Zeng1, Honghua Zeng1, Meng Zhang1, Lingling Li2, Zhijie He3, Yaowei Zhi3,()   

  1. 1. Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
    2. Department of endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
    3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
  • Received:2021-02-19 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2022-04-11
  • Contact: Yaowei Zhi

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the cytological characteristics and clinical significance of bone marrow in patients with sepsis.

Methods

The myelograms of 57 patients that were hospitalized in the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and General Practice in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University between January 2015 and October 2020, diagnosed with sepsis, and underwent bone marrow examination were retrospectively analyzed. Besides, the correlations among myelogram and peripheral hemogram, infection, clinical outcome, and prognosis were analyzed.

Results

The peripheral hemograms of patients with sepsis showed various manifestations, with white blood cell count ranging from extremely low to significantly elevated, mostly presenting as moderate anemia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia. The hyperplasia of nucleated cells in myelogram showed be active or significantly active in 82.5% (47/57) of patients, while a minority of patients showed be hypoplastic. The granulocyte/erythrocyte ratio and neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio increased and neutrophilic stab granulocyte ratio decreased, accompanied by some granules thickened, increased or cavitation appeared, and some with lobulated phenomenon. Some of patients were accompanied by increased reticular phagocyte, and the phenomenon of hematophagy was visible. The positive rate and score of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) in most peripheral blood smears increased. There were positive correlations between hyperplasia of myeloid granulocytes and peripheral blood granulocyte count, bone marrow megakaryocyte count and peripheral blood platelet count in patients with sepsis (r = 0.324, 0.574; both P < 0.05). In patients with sepsis, there appeared a closely correlation between Escherichia coli infection and myeloid hypoplastic (χ2 = 13.434, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Most sepsis patients are in the severe stage of infection. With the development of infection, bone marrow function is in a state of exhaustion to a certain extent and several of them show obviously hypoplasia. Myelogram is correlated with peripheral hemogram and infection. The thrombocytopenia is significantly related to the deficiency of megakaryocyte function in bone marrow and the reduction or dysmaturity of megakaryocyte is one of the pathogenesis of the thrombocytopenia. In addition, patients with Escherichia coli-infected sepsis mostly present with decreased myelodysplasia.

Key words: Sepsis, Bone marrow cytology, Peripheral hemogram, Thrombocytopenia, Infection

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