To analyze risk factors and clinical characteristics of in-hospital death in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiac rupture.

A total of 189 patients with heart rupture after acute myocardial infarction were collected from Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital and Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from January 2010 to December 2018. According to their living status in the hospital, the above patients were divided into a death group (n = 123) and a survival group (n = 66). The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the mortality risk factors in patients with cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction.

There were significant differences in age, leukocytes, platelets, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, troponin I, free wall rupture rate, left ventricular end diastolic diameter > 60 mm and ventricular aneurysm formation rate between the two groups (all P < 0.05). In terms of treatment after admission, there were significant differences in aspirin, beta-blockers, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and pericardiocentesis between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that aspartate aminotransferase [odds ratio (OR) = 1.012, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.004, 1.020), P = 0.002], fasting blood glucose [OR = 1.214, 95%CI (1.001, 1.473), P = 0.049] and free wall rupture [OR = 9.117, 95%CI (1.730, 48.050), P = 0.009] were independent risk factors for death in patients with cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction, while leukocytes [OR = 0.792, 95%CI (0.683, 0.919), P = 0.002], left ventricular end diastolic diameter > 60 mm [OR = 0.152, 95%CI (0.028, 0.831), P = 0.030], ventricular aneurysm formation [OR = 0.271, 95%CI (0.086, 0.856), P = 0.026] and aspirin use [OR = 0.185, 95%CI (0.047, 0.735), P = 0.016] were independent protective factors.

Patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiac rupture have a high mortality rate, and the use of aspirin may reduce their mortality.