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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 447 -455. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2025.06.002

论著

脓毒症相关性脑病患儿颅内压增高风险预测的列线图模型构建与验证
熊梓宏1,2, 孙超3, 张宁1, 卢宾1, 向玺1, 罗小丽1, 张国英1,()   
  1. 1610091 成都,电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院·成都市妇女儿童中心医院儿童重症医学科
    2611200 四川崇州,崇州市妇幼保健院儿科
    3646000 四川泸州,西南医科大学附属医院儿科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-02 出版日期:2025-12-31
  • 通信作者: 张国英
  • 基金资助:
    成都市科技项目(2022-YF05-01279-SN); 成都市卫生健康委员会科研项目(2022414)

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting increased intracranial pressure in children with sepsis-associated encephalopathy

Zihong Xiong1,2, Chao Sun3, Ning Zhang1, Bin Lu1, Xi Xiang1, Xiaoli Luo1, Guoying Zhang1,()   

  1. 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital/The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610091, China
    2Department of Pediatrics, Chongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chongzhou 611200, China
    3Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
  • Received:2025-02-02 Published:2025-12-31
  • Corresponding author: Guoying Zhang
引用本文:

熊梓宏, 孙超, 张宁, 卢宾, 向玺, 罗小丽, 张国英. 脓毒症相关性脑病患儿颅内压增高风险预测的列线图模型构建与验证[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(06): 447-455.

Zihong Xiong, Chao Sun, Ning Zhang, Bin Lu, Xi Xiang, Xiaoli Luo, Guoying Zhang. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting increased intracranial pressure in children with sepsis-associated encephalopathy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(06): 447-455.

目的

探讨脓毒症相关性脑病(SAE)患儿发生颅内压(ICP)增高的危险因素,并构建其风险预测列线图模型。

方法

选取2022年5月至2024年6月成都市妇女儿童中心医院儿童重症医学科(PICU)收治的154例SAE患儿为研究对象,根据ICP状态分为增高组(56例)和非增高组(98例)。比较两组患儿的临床资料及无创多模态脑功能监测指标,包括扰动系数(DC)、大脑中动脉(MCA)收缩期血流速度(VsMCA)、MCA平均血流速度(VmMCA)、MCA舒张期血流速度(VdMCA)、搏动指数(PI)和局部经皮脑氧饱和度(rScO2)。经单因素与多因素logistic回归分析筛选SAE患儿ICP增高的独立危险因素,并利用R软件构建风险预测列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型区分度曲线下面积(AUC),Bootstrap法进行模型内部验证。

结果

多因素logistic回归分析显示:入住PICU时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)降低[比值比(OR)= 0.560,95%置信区间(CI)(0.382,0.837),P = 0.009]、入科后第1天的VsMCA升高[OR = 1.053,95%CI(1.010,1.098),P = 0.025]和rScO2升高[OR = 1.199,95%CI(1.063,1.348),P = 0.004]为ICP增高的独立危险因素。预测模型AUC = 0.927[95%CI(0.887,0.967),P < 0.001],敏感度92.9%,特异度79.6%,校准曲线显示预测概率与实际概率一致性良好。

结论

基于GCS评分、VsMCA及rScO2构建的列线图预测模型可有效预测SAE患儿ICP增高风险,并为临床早期干预提供循证依据。

Objective

To investigate risk factors associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in children with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), and to construct a risk-predicting nomogram.

Methods

This single-center prospective observational study included 154 pediatric patients with SAE admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital from May 2022 to June 2024. The cohort comprised 56 patients with elevated ICP and 98 patients without elevated ICP. Clinical characteristics and noninvasive multimodality brain monitoring indices—including the disturbance coefficient (DC), systolic velocity of middle cerebral artery (VsMCA), mean velocity of middle cerebral artery (VmMCA), diastolic velocity of middle cerebral artery (VdMCA), pulsatility index (PI), and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2)—were compared among patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of increased ICP. Then a nomogram was developed using R software. Model performance was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). Internal validation was performed via bootstrap resampling.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three independent risk factors for elevated ICP: lower Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at PICU admission [odds ratio (OR) = 0.560, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.382, 0.837), P = 0.009], elevated VsMCA on the first day [OR = 1.053, 95%CI (1.010, 1.098), P = 0.025], and elevated rScO2 on the first day [OR = 1.199, 95%CI (1.063, 1.348), P = 0.004]. The nomogram achieved an AUC of 0.927 [95%CI (0.887, 0.967), P < 0.001], a sensitivity of 92.9%, and a specificity of 79.6%. Calibration curves showed excellent agreement between predictions and observations.

Conclusion

The GCS-VsMCA-rScO2-based nomogram provides accurate and clinically feasible prediction of elevated ICP in pediatric SAE, thus facilitating early intervention.

表1 两组SAE患儿临床资料比较
表2 SAE患儿脑功能监测相关指标组间比较[MP25P75)]
表3 SAE患儿合并ICP增高的单因素logistic回归分析
表4 SAE患儿合并ICP增高的多因素logistic回归分析
图1 SAE患儿ICP增高风险预测列线图注:SAE.脓毒症相关性脑病;ICP.颅内压;GCS.格拉斯哥昏迷评分;VsMCA.大脑中动脉收缩期血流速度;D1代表入住儿童重症医学科后的第1天;rScO2.局部经皮脑氧饱和度
图2 列线图模型预测SAE患儿ICP增高效能的ROC曲线注:a图为原始模型;b图为Bootstrap内部验证模型;SAE.脓毒症相关性脑病;ICP.颅内压;ROC.受试者工作特征
图3 列线图模型校准曲线
图4 SAE患儿ICP增高风险预测列线图的DCA注:SAE.脓毒症相关性脑病;ICP.颅内压;DCA.决策曲线分析;阳性为对所有SAE患者实施干预的DCA;阴性为不对任何SAE患者实施干预的DCA;模型为基于列线图模型选择干预的DCA
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