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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (05) : 390 -396. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2025.05.005

论著

支气管肺泡灌洗液组织蛋白酶S水平与肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征严重程度及预后的相关性研究
宗晓龙1, 周芷晴2, 王金莹2, 胡慧卿2, 李端阳2, 王潇2, 孙钰1, 李真玉2,()   
  1. 1300211 天津,天津医科大学第二医院检验科
    2300211 天津,天津医科大学第二医院急诊医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07 出版日期:2025-10-31
  • 通信作者: 李真玉
  • 基金资助:
    国家临床重点专科急诊医学科建设项目(津卫医政便函[2023]421号); 天津市高层次人才选拔培养工程"青年医学新锐"人才项目(津人才2018[19])

Association of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cathepsin S levels with severity and prognosis of patients with pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome

Xiaolong Zong1, Zhiqing Zhou2, Jinying Wang2, Huiqing Hu2, Duanyang Li2, Xiao Wang2, Yu Sun1, Zhenyu Li2,()   

  1. 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
    2Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2024-11-07 Published:2025-10-31
  • Corresponding author: Zhenyu Li
引用本文:

宗晓龙, 周芷晴, 王金莹, 胡慧卿, 李端阳, 王潇, 孙钰, 李真玉. 支气管肺泡灌洗液组织蛋白酶S水平与肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征严重程度及预后的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(05): 390-396.

Xiaolong Zong, Zhiqing Zhou, Jinying Wang, Huiqing Hu, Duanyang Li, Xiao Wang, Yu Sun, Zhenyu Li. Association of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cathepsin S levels with severity and prognosis of patients with pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(05): 390-396.

目的

探讨组织蛋白酶S(CTSS)与肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征(p-ARDS)严重程度和预后的关系。

方法

采用单中心前瞻性观察研究设计,将2022年7月至12月天津医科大学第二医院ICU连续收治的23例p-ARDS患者作为p-ARDS组,选择同期呼吸病房收治的10例单纯性肺炎患者作为肺炎组。收集两组患者配对的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和血清样本,采用Luminex®磁珠多重检测试剂盒检测样本CTSS、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-8和肺表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)含量水平。按临床诊断、肺损伤严重程度和临床结局对研究对象进行分组比较,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析、Spearman相关分析和logistic回归分析评估CTSS临床价值。

结果

p-ARDS组患者按肺损伤严重程度分轻度10例、中度9例、重度4例,其中10例患者于入院28 d内死亡,病死率为43.5%(10/23)。p-ARDS组BALF的CTSS(CTSSBALF)水平高于肺炎组[94(76,103)×103 ng/L vs. 15(5,54)×103 ng/L,Z = 4.152,P < 0.001];而组间血清CTSS(CTSS血清)水平比较,差异无统计学意义[6(4,10)× 103 ng/L vs. 6(4,7)× 103 ng/L,Z = 0.407,P = 0.684]。ROC曲线分析显示CTSSBALF水平对p-ARDS和肺炎具有较好的鉴别价值[曲线下面积(AUC)为0.961,95%置信区间(CI)(0.829,0.998),P < 0.001]。随着肺损伤严重程度增加,CTSSBALF水平逐渐递增,且与氧合指数呈负相关(r = -0.689,P < 0.001)。根据p-ARDS患者入院28 d临床结局,将23例p-ARDS患者分为死亡组(10例)和生存组(13例)。p-ARDS死亡组患者CTSSBALF水平显著高于生存组(Z = 2.729,P = 0.006)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,CTSSBALF与p-ARDS组患者入院28 d临床结局有独立相关趋势,但结果未达到显著水平[比值比= 1.409,95%CI(0.974,2.038),P = 0.069]。

结论

CTSSBALF可能作为p-ARDS诊断分级和预后评估的生物标志物。

Objective

To investigate the association between cathepsin S (CTSS) and the severity and prognosis of pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (p-ARDS).

Methods

This study was a single-center prospective observational study. Twenty-three patients with p-ARDS admitted to the intensive care unit of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between July 2022 and December 2022 were included as the p-ARDS group. Ten patients with pneumonia alone who were admitted to the respiratory ward during the same period were selected as the pneumonia group. Matched bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were collected from both groups. The levels of CTSS, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) were determined using a Luminex® magnetic bead multiplex kit. The levels of CTSS were compared based on clinical diagnosis, severity of lung injury, and clinical outcomes. The clinical utility of CTSS was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression analyses.

Results

Among the p-ARDS group, 10 patients were classified with mild lung injury, 9 with moderate lung injury, and 4 with severe lung injury. Within 28 days of admission, 10 patients in the p-ARDS group died, resulting in a mortality rate of 43.5% (10/23). The level of CTSS in BALF (CTSSBALF) was higher in the p-ARDS group than in the pneumonia group [94 (76, 103) × 103 ng/L vs. 15 (5, 54) × 103 ng/L, Z = 4.152, P < 0.001], whereas there was no significant difference in serum CTSS levels between the two groups [6 (4, 10) × 103 ng/L vs. 6 (4, 7) × 103 ng/L, Z = 0.407, P = 0.684]. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the CTSSBALF level could effectively distinguish p-ARDS from common pneumonia [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.961, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.829, 0.998), P < 0.001]. The CTSSBALF levels were observed to increase with the worsening severity of lung injury and were negatively correlated with the oxygenation index (r = -0.689, P < 0.001). According to the clinical outcomes at 28 days after hospitalization, the 23 p-ARDS patients were divided into a death group (10 cases) and a survival group (13 cases). Among the p-ARDS patients, the non-survivors showed significantly higher CTSSBALF levels compared to survivors (Z = 2.729, P = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed a trend of an independent correlation between CTSSBALF and 28-day mortality, but the result did not reach statistical significance [odds ratio = 1.409, 95%CI (0.974, 2.038), P = 0.069].

Conclusions

CTSSBALF may serve as a valuable biomarker for diagnostic grading and prognostic assessment of patients with p-ARDS.

表1 p-ARDS组和对照组肺炎患者基线资料和临床特征比较
表2 p-ARDS组和对照组肺炎患者BALF和血清生物标志物水平比较[MP25P75)]
图1 CTSSBALF、CTSS比值、IL-6BALF、IL-8BALF和SP-DBALF区分p-ARDS和单纯性肺炎的ROC曲线注:CTSS.组织蛋白酶S;BALF.支气管肺泡灌洗液;IL-6.白细胞介素6;SP-D.肺表面活性蛋白D;p-ARDS.肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征;ROC.受试者工作特征
表3 CTSSBALF、CTSS比值、IL-6BALF、IL-8BALF和SP-DBALF对p-ARDS和单纯性肺炎的鉴别诊断价值
图2 CTSSBALF与氧合指数、IL-6、IL-8和D-二聚体的相关性分析注:1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa;CTSS.组织蛋白酶S;BALF.支气管肺泡灌洗液;IL-6.白细胞介素6
表4 CTSSBALF预测p-ARDS患者28 d死亡风险的logistic回归分析
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