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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (03) : 215 -221. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2025.03.006

论著

炎症及营养指标在儿童鼻病毒重症肺炎中的预测价值研究
张国卿1, 武华红2, 朱春梅1,()   
  1. 1100020 北京,首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心呼吸内科
    2100020 北京,首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心生长发育研究室
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-06-30
  • 通信作者: 朱春梅
  • 基金资助:
    北京市卫生健康委员会研究型病房卓越临床研究计划项目(BRWEP2024W102100101)

Predictive value of inflammatory and nutritional indicators for severe pneumonia caused by human rhinovirus in children

Guoqing Zhang1, Huahong Wu2, Chunmei Zhu1,()   

  1. 1Department of Respiratory Medicine,
    2Department of Growth and Development, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2025-04-03 Published:2025-06-30
  • Corresponding author: Chunmei Zhu
引用本文:

张国卿, 武华红, 朱春梅. 炎症及营养指标在儿童鼻病毒重症肺炎中的预测价值研究[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(03): 215-221.

Guoqing Zhang, Huahong Wu, Chunmei Zhu. Predictive value of inflammatory and nutritional indicators for severe pneumonia caused by human rhinovirus in children[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(03): 215-221.

目的

探讨炎症及营养指标对儿童人鼻病毒(HRV)重症肺炎的预测价值。

方法

将2019年1月至2023年12月期间首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心呼吸内科收治的975例HRV肺炎患儿根据重症肺炎的诊断标准分成轻症肺炎组(829例)和重症肺炎组(146例)。比较两组患儿的临床特征、炎症指标及营养指标,通过logistic回归分析影响HRV患儿发生重症肺炎的影响因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各影响因素的预测效能。

结果

与轻症肺炎组患儿比较,重症肺炎组患儿年龄(t = 0.535,P < 0.001)、中性粒细胞(t = 0.261,P = 0.033)、C反应蛋白(CRP)(Z = 5.293,P < 0.001)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)(t = 0.417,P = 0.008)、肌酐(t = 0.339,P < 0.001)、系统免疫炎症指数(SII)(Z = 5.569,P < 0.001)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)(Z = 6.156,P < 0.001)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)(t = 4.624,P < 0.001)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)(Z = 2.444,P = 0.015)、中性粒细胞/单核细胞比值(NMR)(Z = 2.973,P = 0.003)、系统性炎症反应指数(SIRI)(Z = 2.318,P = 0.020)、红细胞分布宽度/淋巴细胞比值(RLR)(Z = 2.845,P = 0.004)均较高,而男性占比(χ2 = 0.227,P = 0.012)、淋巴细胞(t = 0.373,P < 0.001)、红细胞(t = 0.079,P < 0.001)、白蛋白(t = 0.865,P < 0.001)及预后营养指数(PNI)(Z = 0.317,P < 0.001)均较低。单因素及多因素logistic回归分析发现,年龄[比值比(OR)= 1.204,95%置信区间(OR)(1.109,1.307),P < 0.001]、白细胞[OR = 1.103,95%CI(1.022,1.191),P = 0.012]、CRP[OR = 1.029,95%CI(1.020,1.039),P < 0.001]、LDH[OR = 1.004,95%CI(1.002,1.006),P < 0.001]、SIRI[OR = 1.219,95%CI(1.038,1.432),P = 0.016]为影响HRV患儿发生重症肺炎的危险因素,白蛋白[OR = 0.837,95%CI(0.788,0.889),P < 0.001]、PNI[OR = 0.986,95%CI(0.978,0.994),P < 0.001]为其保护因素。ROC曲线分析提示,多因素联合模型的曲线下面积(AUC)最高[AUC = 0.904,95%CI(0.878,0.930),P < 0.001],其次为白蛋白[AUC = 0.819,95%CI(0.781,0.857),P < 0.001]与PNI[AUC = 0.763,95%CI(0.728,0.798),P < 0.001]。

结论

年龄、白细胞、CRP、LDH、SIRI为影响HRV患儿发生重症肺炎的危险因素,白蛋白、PNI为其保护因素,有潜力作为儿童HRV重症肺炎的早期预警指标。

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of inflammatory and nutritional indicators for severe human rhinovirus (HRV) pneumonia in children.

Methods

A total of 975 children with HRV pneumonia admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Capital Center for Chlidren's Health, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 were divided into a mild pneumonia group (829 cases) and a severe pneumonia group (146 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria for severe pneumonia. The clinical characteristics, along with inflammatory and nutritional indicators, were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of severe pneumonia in children with HRV, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of each influencing factor.

Results

Compared with the mild pneumonia group, the age (t = 0.535, P < 0.001), neutrophils (t = 0.261, P = 0.033), C-reactive protein (CRP) (Z = 5.293, P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (t = 0.417, P = 0.008), creatinine (t = 0.339, P < 0.001), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (Z = 5.569, P < 0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (Z = 6.156, P < 0.001), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (t = 4.624, P < 0.001), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) (Z = 2.444, P = 0.015), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) (Z = 2.973, P = 0.003), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (Z = 2.318, P = 0.020) and red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR) (Z = 2.845, P = 0.004) were higher, while the proportion of males (χ2 = 0.227, P = 0.012), lymphocytes (t = 0.373, P < 0.001), red blood cells (t = 0.079, P < 0.001), albumin (t = 0.865, P < 0.001) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (Z = 0.317, P < 0.001) were lower in the severe pneumonia group. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression revealed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.204, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.109, 1.307), P < 0.001], white blood cells [OR = 1.103, 95%CI (1.022, 1.191), P = 0.012], CRP [OR = 1.029, 95%CI (1.020, 1.039), P < 0.001], LDH [OR = 1.004, 95%CI (1.002, 1.006), P < 0.001] and SIRI [OR = 1.219, 95%CI (1.038, 1.432), P = 0.016] were risk factors influencing the occurrence of severe pneumonia in children with HRV, while the albumin [OR = 0.837, 95%CI (0.788, 0.889), P < 0.001] and PNI [OR = 0.986, 95%CI (0.978, 0.994), P < 0.001] were protective factors. The ROC curve indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) of the multi-factor combined model was the highest [AUC = 0.904, 95%CI (0.878, 0.930), P < 0.001], followed by albumin [AUC = 0.819, 95%CI (0.781, 0.857), P < 0.001] and PNI [AUC = 0.763, 95%CI (0.728, 0.798), P < 0.001].

Conclusions

Age, white blood cell count, CRP, LDH and SIRI are risk factors affecting the occurrence of severe pneumonia in children with HRV, while albumin and PNI are protective factors. They have the potential to be used as early warning indicators for severe pneumonia in children with HRV.

表1 轻症肺炎组与重症肺炎组HRV患儿临床特征及实验室检查指标的比较
指标 轻症肺炎组(n = 829) 重症肺炎组(n = 146) χ2/t/Z P
男性[例(%)] 507(61.16) 73(50.00) 0.227 0.012
年龄(岁, ± s 3.7 ± 2.6 5.2 ± 2.8 0.535 < 0.001
双重感染[例(%)] 802(96.74) 146(100.00) 0.257 0.066
白细胞(× 109/L, ± s 10 ± 4 10 ± 6 0.037 0.450
中性粒细胞(× 109/L, ± s 5±3 6±4 0.261 0.033
淋巴细胞(× 109/L, ± s 4.0 ± 2.5 3.2 ± 2.0 0.373 < 0.001
单核细胞[× 109/L,MP25P75)] 0.72(0.16,1.28) 0.69(0.26,1.11) 0.435 0.663
红细胞(× 109/L, ± s 4.4 ± 0.9 4.3 ± 0.6 0.079 < 0.001
血小板(× 1012/L, ± s 368 ± 127 364 ± 141 0.035 0.443
CRP[mg/L,MP25P75)] 12.74(2.74,28.21) 43.14(5.19,81.08) 5.293 < 0.001
CD4/CD8(%, ± s 1.7 ± 0.8 1.6 ± 0.6 0.163 0.190
LDH(U/L, ± s 275 ± 77 328 ± 164 0.417 0.008
白蛋白(g/L, ± s 45 ± 4 41 ± 5 0.865 < 0.001
肌酐(μmol/L, ± s 27 ± 8 29 ± 8 0.339 < 0.001
SII[MP25P75)] 454.44(155.05,753.83) 683.56(202.54,1 164.59) 5.569 < 0.001
NLR[MP25P75)] 1.23(0.49,2.00) 1.88(0.65,3.11) 6.156 < 0.001
PLR( ± s 91 ± 64 113 ± 82 4.624 < 0.001
MLR[MP25P75)] 0.18(0.02,0.34) 0.21(0.05,0.37) 2.444 0.015
NMR[MP25P75)] 6.95(0.66,13.24) 8.81(1.72,15.90) 2.973 0.003
SIRI[MP25P75)] 0.887(0.005,1.769) 1.288(0.114,2.462) 2.318 0.020
RLR[MP25P75)] 1.08(0.60,1.55) 1.34(0.77,1.91) 2.845 0.004
PNI[MP25P75)] 65.98(56.13,75.83) 57.03(49.42,64.64) 0.317 < 0.001
表2 影响儿童HRV重症肺炎发生的多因素logistic回归分析
表3 影响儿童HRV重症肺炎发生的ROC曲线分析
图1 炎症及营养指标在重症人鼻病毒肺炎患儿中的相关性热图注:热图显示各炎症营养指标间的Pearson相关系数矩阵;SII.系统免疫炎症指数;NLR.中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值;PLR.血小板/淋巴细胞比值;MLR.单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值;NMR.中性粒细胞/单核细胞比值;SIRI.系统性炎症反应指数;RLR.红细胞分布宽度/淋巴细胞比值;PNI.预后营养指数
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