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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (06) : 458 -464. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2024.06.004

论著

急性带状疱疹患者并发中枢神经系统感染的危险因素分析
王美娣1, 王俊1, 张艳1, 吴珠娟1, 严永兴1, 刘慧丽1,()   
  1. 1.310009 杭州,杭州市第三人民医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24 出版日期:2024-12-31
  • 通信作者: 刘慧丽
  • 基金资助:
    杭州市卫生科技重点项目(ZD20210010)杭州市科技局自主引导项目(20211231Y034)杭州市生物医药和健康产业发展扶持科技专项(2021WJCY054)

Risk factors for central nervous system infections in acute herpes zoster patients

Meidi Wang1, Jun Wang1, Yan Zhang1, Zhujuan Wu1, Yongxing Yan1, Huili Liu1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Neurology,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
  • Received:2024-05-24 Published:2024-12-31
  • Corresponding author: Huili Liu
引用本文:

王美娣, 王俊, 张艳, 吴珠娟, 严永兴, 刘慧丽. 急性带状疱疹患者并发中枢神经系统感染的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(06): 458-464.

Meidi Wang, Jun Wang, Yan Zhang, Zhujuan Wu, Yongxing Yan, Huili Liu. Risk factors for central nervous system infections in acute herpes zoster patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 17(06): 458-464.

目的

分析急性带状疱疹患者并发中枢神经系统(CNS)感染的危险因素,为水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)相关CNS 感染的预防和早期诊治提供参考。

方法

前瞻性纳入2021 年1月至2022 年12 月在杭州市第三人民医院住院的1 059 例急性带状疱疹患者,根据是否并发CNS感染将其分为带状疱疹组(1 020 例)和带状疱疹CNS 感染组(39 例)。分析两组患者的临床特征及血清标记物水平差异。应用多因素logistic 回归分析筛选患者并发CNS 感染的独立危险因素。

结果

与带状疱疹患者相比,带状疱疹相关CNS 感染患者发病至治疗的间隔时间延长、疱疹主要位于头颈部、发病年龄较轻、好发于男性、血氯和总蛋白水平降低、C 反应蛋白和谷氨酰转肽酶水平增高(P 均<0.05)。以是否并发CNS 感染为因变量,二元logistic 回归分析发现发病至治疗的间隔时间[比值比(OR)=1.165,95%置信区间(CI)(1.012,1.341),P=0.034]、疱疹部位(头颈部)[OR = 2.059,95%CI(1.192,3.555),P = 0.010]、C 反应蛋白[OR = 1.017,95%CI(1.001,1.033),P = 0.041] 均是带状疱疹并发CNS 感染的独立危险因素,总蛋白含量 [OR = 0.947,95%CI(0.900,0.995),P=0.032]是其保护性因素。

结论

识别VZV 再激活导致CNS 感染的危险因素,有助于颅内感染的早期筛查。临床医师应该重视对于疱疹发生在头颈部、血C 反应蛋白增高、总蛋白水平降低的急性带状疱疹患者,早期干预可能减少并发CNS 感染的发生率。

Objective

To analyze the risk factors of central nervous system (CNS) infections in acute herpes zoster patients, and to provide reference for the prevention and early diagnosis and treatment of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) related CNS infections.

Methods

A total of 1 059 patients with acute herpes zoster admitted to the Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively included.They were divided into a herpes zoster group (1 020 cases) and a herpes zoster-CNS infection group (39 cases) based on whether they had concurrent CNS infections.The differences in clinical characteristics and serum marker levels between the two groups were analyzed.Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to screen independent risk factors for concurrent CNS infections in herpes zoster patients.

Results

Compared with the herpes zoster group, patients in the herpes zoster-CNS infection group had a longer interval from onset to treatment, younger age, lower blood chloride and total protein levels,and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and glutamyltranspeptidase levels, with herpes mainly located in the head and neck and infection prevailing in males (all P <0.05).Using the concurrent CNS infection as the dependent variable, binary logistic regression analysis found that the interval from onset to treatment [odds ratio (OR)=1.165, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.012, 1.341), P=0.034], herpes site (head and neck) [OR=2.059, 95%CI (1.192, 3.555), P=0.010], and CRP[OR = 1.017, 95%CI (1.001, 1.033), P = 0.041] were independent risk factors for acute herpes zoster patients complicating CNS infections, while the total protein content [OR = 0.947, 95%CI(0.900, 0.995), P = 0.032] was a protective factor.

Conclusions

Identifying the risk factors for CNS infections caused by reactivation of VZV is helpful for early screening of intracranial infections.Clinicians should pay attention to the acute herpes zoster patients who experience herpes in the head and neck and have elevated CRP levels and decreased total protein levels.Early intervention may reduce the incidence of CNS infections.

表1 两组带状疱疹患者一般资料比较
表2 两组带状疱疹患者血细胞/体液免疫、血常规及C 反应蛋白水平比较( ±s)
表3 两组带状疱疹患者肝肾功能、血脂、血糖、血尿酸、电解质水平及甲状腺功能比较( ±s)
表4 多因素logistic 回归分析带状疱疹患者并发CNS 感染的危险因素
表5 出院预后良好与不良的带状疱疹合并CNS 感染患者的基线特征及临床特点分析( ±s)
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