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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (02) : 111 -117. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2022.02.004

论著

大面积脑梗死去骨瓣减压术后迟发性脑过度灌注综合征的危险因素分析
李甲1, 沈罡1, 朱光耀1, 陈茂送1, 王波定2,()   
  1. 1. 315040 浙江宁波,宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院神经外科
    2. 315010 浙江宁波,中国科学院大学宁波华美医院神经外科
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2022-04-30
  • 通信作者: 王波定
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGF21H170002)

Risk factors of delayed cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome following decompressive hemicraniectomy for massive cerebral infarction

Jia Li1, Gang Shen1, Guangyao Zhu1, Maosong Chen1, Boding Wang2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
    2. Department of Neurosurgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China
  • Received:2021-09-15 Published:2022-04-30
  • Corresponding author: Boding Wang
引用本文:

李甲, 沈罡, 朱光耀, 陈茂送, 王波定. 大面积脑梗死去骨瓣减压术后迟发性脑过度灌注综合征的危险因素分析[J]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2022, 15(02): 111-117.

Jia Li, Gang Shen, Guangyao Zhu, Maosong Chen, Boding Wang. Risk factors of delayed cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome following decompressive hemicraniectomy for massive cerebral infarction[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2022, 15(02): 111-117.

目的

探讨大面积脑梗死(MCI)去骨瓣减压术(DHC)后迟发性脑过度灌注综合征(dCHS)的临床特征和危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院2016年6月至2020年9月收治的行DHC的44例MCI患者,根据CHS是否发生及发生时间将其分为dCHS组(10例)、急性脑过度灌注综合征(aCHS)组(14例)和无脑过度灌注综合征(CHS)组(20例)。比较三组患者的一般资料,并采用多因素Logistic回归对dCHS相关危险因素进行分析。

结果

dCHS组、aCHS组和无CHS组患者大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞、出血转化及出血转化再手术比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2 = 17.720、24.144、18.324,P均< 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,MCA闭塞延迟再通[比值比(OR)= 16.750,95%置信区间(CI)(1.111,252.468),P = 0.042]与出血转化[OR = 10.206,95%CI(1.095,95.123),P = 0.041]是dCHS发生的独立危险因素。

结论

MCA闭塞延迟再通与出血转化是行DHC的MCI患者发生dCHS的独立危险因素。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of delayed cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (dCHS) after decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) for massive cerebral infarction (MCI).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 44 patients with MCI who underwent DHC at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from June 2016 to September 2020 was performed. The patients were divided into three groups: dCHS group (n = 10), acute cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (aCHS) group (n = 14) and non-CHS group (n = 20), based on whether CHS occurred and when it occurred. The general data of the three groups were compared, and the risk factors related to dCHS were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.

Results

There were significant differences in middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, hemorrhagic transformation, and reoperation after hemorrhagic transformation among these three groups (χ2 = 17.720, 24.144, 18.324, all P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that delayed recanalization after MCA occlusion [odds ratio (OR) = 16.750, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.111, 252.468), P = 0.042] and hemorrhagic transformation [OR = 10.206, 95%CI (1.095, 95.123), P = 0.041] were independent risk factors for the occurrence of dCHS.

Conclusion

Delayed recanalization after MCA occlusion and hemorrhagic transformation are independent risk factors for dCHS in patients with MCI undergoing DHC.

表1 两组MCI患者一般资料比较[MP25P75)]
组别 例数 性别(例,男/女) 年龄(岁) DHC时间(h) mRS评分(分) 入院时间(h) NIHSS评分(分,± s GCS评分(分) 收缩压(mmHg,± s
dCHS组 10 7/3 60.00(25.50,74.00) 45.00(23.25,52.50) 3.00(2.00,5.25) 15.00(5.25,24.00) 16 ± 6 10.00(8.00,13.00) 159 ± 25
aCHS组 14 10/4 73.50(59.75,78.25) 28.00(17.75,76.00) 4.50(2.75,5.00) 19.50(5.75,75.00) 13 ± 6 11.00(6.75,14.00) 151 ± 27
无CHS组 20 14/6 62.50(56.25,70.00) 39.50(27.25,57.50) 5.00(3.00,6.00) 20.00(8.50,42.25) 16 ± 8 10.00(6.00,14.00) 144 ± 28
F/χ2/Z   0.009 3.730 0.284 2.297 0.698 0.906 0.156 1.007
P   0.995 0.155 0.868 0.317 0.705 0.412 0.925 0.374
组别 例数 舒张压(mmHg) 体温(℃) 血糖(mmol/L) 红细胞压积(%) 血小板计数(×109/L) 凝血酶原时间(s) 总胆固醇(mmol/L) 高血压(例)
dCHS组 10 85 ± 16 37.60(36.80,38.03) 7.65(6.38,9.83) 41 ± 4 192.50(162.75,238.25) 11.80(11.13,12.33) 3.8 ± 1.5 8
aCHS组 14 86 ± 12 37.15(36.78,37.35) 10.22(7.58,12.01) 38 ± 6 176.50(135.50,219.75) 12.45(11.68,13.40) 4.0 ± 1.1 9
无CHS组 20 81 ± 13 37.60(36.80,37.60) 7.16(6.14,8.71) 39 ± 7 184.00(144.00,229.75) 12.45(11.70,13.85) 4.2 ± 1.0 9
F/χ2/Z   0.677 0.977 3.797 0.833 0.391 4.722 0.456 3.608
P   0.514 0.614 0.150 0.442 0.822 0.094 0.637 0.165
组别 例数 2型糖尿病(例) 高脂血症(例) 吸烟(例) 心房颤动(例) MCA闭塞(例) MCA高密度征(例) 出血转化(例) 出血转化再手术(例)
6 h内再通 延迟再通 持续梗死
dCHS组 10 3 4 4 5 1 8 1 2 8 2
aCHS组 14 6 6 6 7 6 7 1 4 14 9
无CHS组 20 7 8 10 5 2 6 12 4 4 0
F/χ2/Z   0.446 0.032 0.325 2.876   17.720   0.399 24.144 18.324
P   0.800 0.984 0.850 0.237   0.001   0.819 < 0.001 < 0.001
表2 影响dCHS发生的多因素Logistic回归分析
图1 左额颞顶叶MCI患者行左额颞顶开颅、DHC、颞肌切除、颅内压探头置入术前后CT图注:MCI.大面积脑梗死;DHC.去骨瓣减压术;CTA.计算机断层扫描血管造影术;MCA.大脑中动脉;a图为突发意识障碍6 h头颅CT;b图为头颅CTA示左侧颈内动脉C6、7段、左侧MCA M1段及左侧大脑前动脉A1段软斑块,左侧MCA闭塞,左侧大脑前动脉A1段重度狭窄;c图为发病后17 h头颅CT,大面积脑梗死进行性加重,占位效应明显;d图为左额颞顶DHC后1 d头颅CT,大面积梗死脑组织自骨窗处向外膨隆;e图为术后7 d头颅CT,侧支循环建立后梗死区脑组织信号稍有恢复;f图为术后15 d头颅CT示梗死区域少量出血转化
图2 左额颞顶MCA延迟再通后dCHS致血管瘤生长患者行左额肿瘤切除、左额颞顶颅骨缺损修补术前后CT图及术中图片注:MCA.大脑中动脉;dCHS.迟发性脑过度灌注综合征;CTA.计算机断层扫描血管造影术;a图为术后6个月头颅CT示左额梗死软化区占位性病变;b图为头颅CTA示左侧颈内动脉、MCA纤细再通并参与肿瘤供血;c、d、e图为头颅磁共振增强轴位、冠状位、矢状位示左额富血供肿瘤;f图为术中剪开脑膜见肿瘤组织位于左额硬膜下,与硬膜粘连紧密,血供中等,色红润,边界清,周围为无血供的梗死软化灶;g图为肿瘤切除及颅骨修补术后1 d头颅CT,术区肿瘤已切除,无再出血;h图为术后7 d头颅CT,陈旧性脑梗死软化灶信号无改变
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