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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (06) : 453 -459. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2021.06.003

论著

"三明治"法负压纱布填塞治疗严重腹部外伤合并出血的应用效果
储诚南1, 丁威威1,(), 杨超1, 王新宇1, 陈方1, 王凯1, 李维勤1, 黎介寿2   
  1. 1. 210002 南京,南京大学医学院附属金陵医院(东部战区总医院)重症医学科
    2. 210002 南京,南京大学医学院附属金陵医院(东部战区总医院)普通外科研究所
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-19 出版日期:2021-12-31
  • 通信作者: 丁威威
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81770532); 江苏省青年医学重点人才项目(QNRC2016901)

Clinical outcomes of sandwich negative pressure gauze packing in treatment of severe abdominal trauma with hemorrhage

Chengnan Chu1, Weiwei Ding1,(), Chao Yang1, Xinyu Wang1, Fang Chen1, Kai Wang1, Weiqin Li1, Jieshou Li2   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University (General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command), Nanjing 210002, China
    2. Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University (General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command), Nanjing 210002, China
  • Received:2020-11-19 Published:2021-12-31
  • Corresponding author: Weiwei Ding
引用本文:

储诚南, 丁威威, 杨超, 王新宇, 陈方, 王凯, 李维勤, 黎介寿. "三明治"法负压纱布填塞治疗严重腹部外伤合并出血的应用效果[J]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2021, 14(06): 453-459.

Chengnan Chu, Weiwei Ding, Chao Yang, Xinyu Wang, Fang Chen, Kai Wang, Weiqin Li, Jieshou Li. Clinical outcomes of sandwich negative pressure gauze packing in treatment of severe abdominal trauma with hemorrhage[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2021, 14(06): 453-459.

目的

探讨"三明治"法负压纱布填塞治疗严重腹部外伤合并出血的应用效果。

方法

采用回顾性病例对照研究分析2016年1月至2020年9月东部战区总医院重症医学科战创伤救治中心收治的40例因严重腹部外伤合并出血经药物、介入及外科止血无效使用纱布填塞治疗患者的临床资料。根据纱布填塞方式分为传统纱布填塞组(传统组,19例)和"三明治"法负压纱布填塞组("三明治"组,21例)。比较两组患者的一般资料、创伤严重程度评分(ISS)、序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)评分、术中情况及ICU复苏资料、生命体征及实验室检查、并发症情况、预后及随访等资料。

结果

两组患者经手术纱布填塞止血、ICU复苏支持后,生命体征得到改善。"三明治"组ISS评分[(26 ± 4)分vs.(19 ± 6)分]、SOFA评分[(16 ± 3)分vs.(13 ± 4)分]及纱布填塞时间[(5.0 ± 1.2)d vs.(3.0 ± 0.7)d]均明显高于传统组(t = 4.494、2.713、6.404,P均< 0.05)。两组患者损伤控制性手术时、手术后第3天以及确定性手术时体温、心率、pH值、血红蛋白、白细胞计数、降钙素原、C反应蛋白、D-二聚体、凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血酶原时间水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(F = 27.590、25.533、39.777、17.483、4.486、44.236、5.628、38.616、8.689、13.212,P均< 0.05)。"三明治"组患者术后感染情况(3 / 21 vs. 8 / 19)及总体并发症(5 / 21 vs. 13 / 19)均较传统组显著降低( χ2 = 3.872、8.021,P = 0.049、0.005);但两组患者死亡情况比较,差异无统计学意义(1 / 21 vs. 3 / 19,χ2 = 1.348,P = 0.331)。出院患者随访(6 ± 3)个月,均存活。

结论

对于严重腹部外伤合并出血的患者,采用纱布填塞治疗可改善患者生命体征。与传统纱布填塞相比,"三明治"法负压纱布填塞能显著延长填塞时间,减轻全身感染情况,降低并发症发生率。

Objective

To explore the effect of "sandwich" method of negative pressure gauze packing in the treatment of severe abdominal trauma with bleeding.

Methods

A retrospective case-control study was used to analyze the clinical data of 40 patients with severe abdominal trauma combined with bleeding who were treated with gauze packing due to ineffective hemostasis by drugs, intervention and surgery in the Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from January 2016 to September 2020. According to the gauze packing method, they were divided into a traditional gauze packing group (traditional group, 19 cases) and a "sandwich" negative pressure gauze packing group ("sandwich" group, 21 cases). The general data, injury severity score (ISS), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, intraoperative conditions and ICU resuscitation data, vital signs and laboratory tests, complications, prognosis and follow-up data were compared between the two groups.

Results

The vital signs of the two groups were improved after surgical gauze packing for hemostasis and ICU resuscitation support. In the "sandwich" group, the ISS scores [(26 ± 4) vs. (19 ± 6)], SOFA scores [(16 ± 3) vs. (13 ± 4)] and gauze packing time [(5.0 ± 1.2) d vs. (3.0 ± 0.7) d] were significantly higher than those in the traditional group (t = 4.494, 2.713, 6.404; all P < 0.05). The body temperature, heart rate, pH, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, prothrombin time and activated partial prothrombin time levels during damage control surgery, on the 3rd day after surgery and during definitive surgery were statistically significantly different between the two groups (F = 27.590, 25.533, 39.777, 17.483, 4.486, 44.236, 5.628, 38.616, 8.689, 13.212; all P < 0.05). The postoperative infection (3 / 21 vs. 8 / 19) and overall complications (5 / 21 vs. 13 / 19) in the "sandwich" group were significantly lower than those in the traditional group ( χ2 = 3.872, 8.021; P = 0.049, 0.005); however, there was no significant difference in death between the two groups (1 / 21 vs. 3 / 19, χ2 = 1.348, P = 0.331). The discharged patients were followed up for (6 ± 3) months and all survived.

Conclusions

For patients with severe abdominal trauma and bleeding, gauze packing can improve their vital signs. Compared with traditional gauze packing, the "sandwich" method of negative pressure gauze packing can significantly extend the packing time, reduce systemic infections and decrease the incidence of complications.

表1 两组严重腹部外伤合并出血行纱布填塞治疗患者的一般资料比较(± s
图1 "三明治"法负压纱布填塞示意图注:a图为"三明治"法负压填塞:将一根黎氏双套管置入填塞纱垫中,从红色滴水管中滴入等渗NaCl溶液,将内芯管一端置于外套管内,另一端接负压吸引装置,引流出冲洗液及腹腔渗出液;b图为对于术中腹腔压力过高患者,采用临时腹腔关闭技术;c图为自制负压辅助关闭腹腔;d图为确定性手术时取出的填塞纱布,未见明显脓液附着
表2 两组严重腹部外伤合并出血行纱布填塞治疗的患者术中及ICU复苏情况比较(± s
表3 两组严重腹部外伤合并出血行纱布填塞治疗的患者生命体征及实验室检查指标比较(± s
组别 时间 例数 体温(℃) 心率(次/ min) pH值 血红蛋白(g / L) 白细胞计数(× 109 / L)
传统组 损伤控制性手术时 19 36.3 ± 0.7 122 ± 20 7.334 ± 0.021 68 ± 13 9 ± 4
  损伤控制性手术后第3天 19 37.7 ± 0.4a 98 ± 11a 7.389 ± 0.018a 94 ± 18a 10 ± 3
  确定性手术时 19 38.3 ± 0.6ab 102 ± 9a 7.407 ± 0.026a 95 ± 8a 12 ± 3
"三明治"组 损伤控制性手术时 21 36.3 ± 0.6 122 ± 18 7.323 ± 0.022 74 ± 11 15 ± 5
  损伤控制性手术后第3天 21 37.5 ± 0.7a 91 ± 5a 7.385 ± 0.017a 91 ± 15a 13 ± 7
  确定性手术时 21 37.3 ± 0.9ac 90 ± 8ac 7.379 ± 0.033ac 90 ± 6a 10 ± 4a
F     27.590 25.533 39.777 17.483 4.486
P     0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 < 0.001
组别 时间 例数 血小板计数(× 109 / L) 降钙素原(μg / L) C反应蛋白(mg / L) D-二聚体(mg / L) PT(s) APTT(s)
传统组 损伤控制性手术时 19 127 ± 55 7 ± 3 115 ± 54 15.5 ± 5.1 17.5 ± 2.7 65 ± 18
  损伤控制性手术后第3天 19 176 ± 104 20 ± 7a 160 ± 15a 8.3 ± 3.9a 14.2 ± 1.7a 42 ± 11a
  确定性手术时 19 159 ± 115 25 ± 4ab 154 ± 59 5.6 ± 1.9a 14.6 ± 1.9a 49 ± 20a
"三明治"组 损伤控制性手术时 21 125 ± 64 17 ± 8 85 ± 49 6.1 ± 3.3 16.8 ± 2.1 80 ± 33
  损伤控制性手术后第3天 21 113 ± 82 11 ± 5ac 151 ± 83a 3.1 ± 1.8a 14.4 ± 1.5a 52 ± 14a
  确定性手术时 21 133 ± 75 6 ± 2abc 108 ± 63 4.1 ± 1.8a 14.8 ± 2.5a 39 ± 7a
F     1.534 44.236 5.628 38.616 8.689 13.212
P     0.185 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
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