Results The age [(62 ± 12) years vs. (44 ± 20) years, t= 4.563, P < 0.001], stinging wasp species (χ2= 33.277, P < 0.001), gross hematuria (19/33 vs. 1/40, χ2= 24.875, P < 0.001), rash (6/33 vs. 17/40, χ2= 4.995, P= 0.026), creatine kinase [4 297 (1 427, 11 871) U/L vs. 180 (124, 405) U/L, H= 5.012, P < 0.001], total bilirubin [46 (26, 124) μmol/L vs. 11 (8, 17) μmol/L, H= 6.140, P < 0.001], erythrocyte count [(3.6 ± 0.9) × 1012/L vs. (4.4 ± 0.8) × 1012/L, t= 3.967, P < 0.001], platelet count [(151 ± 70) × 109/L vs. (203 ± 72) × 109/L, t= 3.141, P= 0.002], leukocyte count [(19 ± 8) × 109/L vs. (13 ± 5) × 109/L, t= 3.431, P= 0.001], creatinine [126 (78, 261) μmol/L vs. 64 (52, 75) μmol/L, H= 4.805, P < 0.001], cystatin C [1.5 (1.0, 2.1) mg/L vs. 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) mg/L, H= 4.753, P < 0.001] and activated partial thromboplastin time [44.8 (26.9, 81.9) s vs. 26.1 (22.9, 29.5) s, H= 3.668, P < 0.001] all showed significant differences between the ΔSOFA score ≥ 2 group and the ΔSOFA score < 2 group. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that stinging wasp species [odds ratio (OR)= 83.532, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.516, 4 601.326), P= 0.031] and total bilirubin [OR= 1.092, 95%CI (1.003, 1.190), P= 0.043)] were independent factors affecting the ΔSOFA after wasp sting. ROC curve analysis showed that stinging wasp species [area under the curve (AUC)= 0.839, 95%CI (0.738, 0.940), P < 0.001] and total bilirubin [AUC= 0.920, 95%CI (0.859, 0.980), P < 0.001] had predictive value for the severity of wasp sting. The hospitalization stay of patients in the ΔSOFA score ≥ 2 group was significantly higher than that of the ΔSOFA score < 2 group [11.0 (4.0, 24.5) d vs. 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) d, H= 5.056, P < 0.001].