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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02) : 120 -126. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2021.02.005

所属专题: 文献

论著

急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者预后危险因素分析
吴雄林1, 陆远强2,()   
  1. 1. 310003 杭州,浙江大学医学院附属第一医院急诊科 浙江省增龄与理化损伤性疾病诊治研究 重点实验室(现工作单位为浙江省义乌市中心医院急诊科)
    2. 310003 杭州,浙江大学医学院附属第一医院急诊科 浙江省增龄与理化损伤性疾病诊治研究 重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-13 出版日期:2021-04-30
  • 通信作者: 陆远强
  • 基金资助:
    "十三五"浙江省中医药(中西医结合)重点学科项目(2017-XKA36)

Risk factors for prognosis of patients with acute superior mesenteric artery embolism

Xionglin Wu1, Yuanqiang Lu2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physical-chemical Injury Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
  • Received:2021-02-13 Published:2021-04-30
  • Corresponding author: Yuanqiang Lu
引用本文:

吴雄林, 陆远强. 急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者预后危险因素分析[J]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2021, 14(02): 120-126.

Xionglin Wu, Yuanqiang Lu. Risk factors for prognosis of patients with acute superior mesenteric artery embolism[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2021, 14(02): 120-126.

目的

探讨影响急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞(ASMAE)患者预后的危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析自2015年1月至2020年12月收治的108例确诊为ASMAE患者的临床资料。根据入院后28 d生存状态将患者分为生存组(89例)和死亡组(19例)。比较两组患者的一般资料、实验室检查指标、影像学及组织病理学检查结果。采用Lasso-Logistic回归模型和多因素Logistic回归模型筛选影响ASMAE患者预后的危险因素。应用R语言绘制可视化列线图,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线检测该列线图效能。

结果

两组ASMAE患者年龄(H = 3.311,P = 0.001)、呼吸频率(H = 3.950,P < 0.001)、心率(H = 2.386,P = 0.017)、序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)评分(H = 5.224,P < 0.001)、腹膜刺激征(χ2 = 6.040,P = 0.014)、心脏疾病(χ2 = 6.324,P = 0.012)、CT分型(χ2 = 3.903,P = 0.048)、肠梗阻(χ2 = 4.248,P = 0.039)、透壁性肠坏死(χ2 = 19.928,P < 0.001)、白细胞计数(H = 2.562,P = 0.010)、中性粒细胞计数(H = 2.562,P = 0.010)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(H = 2.320,P = 0.020)、降钙素原(H = 2.425,P = 0.015)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(H = 4.783,P < 0.001)、丙氨酸转氨酶(H = 3.234,P = 0.001)、总胆红素(H = 2.098,P = 0.036)、乳酸脱氢酶(H = 3.571,P < 0.001)、肌酸激酶(H = 3.179,P = 0.001)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(H = 4.921,P < 0.001)、血肌酐(H = 3.583,P < 0.001)、血尿素氮(H = 3.332,P = 0.001)、血乳酸(H = 4.730,P < 0.001)、pH值(H = 3.152,P = 0.002)、碳酸氢根离子(H = 4.233,P < 0.001)、凝血酶原时间(H = 2.600,P = 0.009)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(H = 2.732,P = 0.006)、国际标准化比值(H = 2.495,P = 0.013)及D-二聚体(H = 4.289,P < 0.001)比较,差异均有统计学意义。经Lasso-Logistic回归模型及多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄[比值比(OR)= 1.243,95%置信区间(CI)(1.082,1.512),P = 0.009]、血乳酸[OR = 2.047,95%CI(1.364,3.516),P = 0.002]及SOFA评分[OR = 1.871,95%CI(1.263,3.224),P = 0.007]为影响ASMAE患者预后的危险因素。利用R语言绘制回归模型的列线图,通过ROC曲线分析显示,该列线图对ASMAE患者死亡结局具较好的预测能力[曲线下面积为0.971,95% CI(0.926,0.993),P < 0.001]。

结论

年龄、血乳酸及SOFA评分是影响ASMAE患者预后的主要危险因素,以这些参数所绘列线图可以较好地预测ASMAE患者的临床结局。

Objective

To analyze risk factors for prognosis of patients with acute superior mesenteric artery embolism (ASMAE).

Methods

The clinical data of 108 patients with ASMAE from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a survival group (89 cases) and a death group (19 cases) according to their 28-d survival status. The general data, laboratory examination indexes, imaging and histopathological examination results were compared between the two groups. The LASSO-Logistic regression model and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to select the risk factors for predicting the prognosis of ASMAE patients. A visual nomogram was established using R language software, and its efficacy was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

The age (H = 3.311, P = 0.001), respiratory rate (H = 3.950, P < 0.001), heart rate (H = 2.386, P = 0.017), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (H = 5.224, P < 0.001), peritoneal irritation sign (χ2 = 6.040, P = 0.014), heart disease (χ2 = 6.324, P = 0.012), CT classification (χ2 = 3.903, P = 0.048), intestinal obstruction (χ2 = 4.248, P = 0.039), transmural intestinal necrosis (χ2 = 19.928, P < 0.001), white blood cell count (H = 2.562, P = 0.010), neutrophil count (H = 2.562, P = 0.010), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (H = 2.320, P = 0.020), procaicltonin (H = 2.425, P = 0.015), aspartate aminotransferase (H = 4.783, P < 0.001), alanine transaminase (H = 3.234, P = 0.001), total bilirubin (H = 2.098, P = 0.036), lactate dehydrogenase (H = 3.571, P < 0.001), creatine kinase (H = 3.179, P = 0.001), creatine kinase MB (H = 4.921, P < 0.001), serum creatinine (H = 3.583, P < 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (H = 3.332, P = 0.001), blood lactic acid (H = 4.730, P < 0.001), pH value (H = 3.152, P = 0.002), bicarbonate ion (H = 4.233, P < 0.001), prothrombin time (H = 2.600, P = 0.009), activated partial thomboplastin time (H = 2.732, P = 0.006), international normalized ratio (H = 2.495, P = 0.013) and D-dimer (H = 4.289, P < 0.001) all showed significant differences between the two groups. After the Lasso-Logistic regression and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.243, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.082, 1.512), P = 0.009], blood lactic acid [OR = 2.047, 95%CI (1.364, 3.516), P = 0.002] and SOFA score [OR = 1.871, 95%CI (1.263, 3.224), P = 0.007] were risk factors affecting the prognosis of ASMAE patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the nomogram drawn by the R language could predict the death of ASMAE patients [area under the curve = 0.971, 95% CI (0.926, 0.993), P < 0.001].

Conclusion

Age, blood lactic acid and SOFA score are risk factors for poor prognosis of ASMAE patients, and the nomogram constructed with these parameters can effectively predict their clinical outcomes.

表1 两组ASMAE患者基础资料的比较[MP25P75)]
表2 两组ASMAE患者临床各指标的比较[MP25P75)]
组别 例数 白细胞计数(×109/L) NEUT(×109/L) 淋巴细胞计数(×109/L) NLR PLR CRP(mg/L) 降钙素原(μg/L) HGB(g/L) AST(U/L) ALT(U/L) 总胆红素(μmol/L) LDH(U/L)
生存组 89 11(8,16) 9(7,15) 0.8(0.5,1.1) 12(6,24) 227(168,373) 49(14,143) 9.0(0.7,10.9) 134(115,148) 23(16,32) 16(11,26) 14(9,21) 263(201,358)
死亡组 19 17(12,26) 15(11,24) 0.6(0.5,0.9) 25(12,33) 243(134,359) 110(55,207) 10.0(4.6,16.1) 138(108,156) 64(50,269) 29(19,97) 18(13,32) 423(346,494)
H/t   2.562 2.562 1.190 2.320 0.149 1.674 2.425 0.343 4.783 3.234 2.098 3.571
P   0.010 0.010 0.234 0.020 0.881 0.094 0.015 0.732 < 0.001 0.001 0.036 < 0.001
组别 例数 肌酸激酶(U/L) CK-MB(U/L) 血肌酐(μmol/L) 血尿素氮(mmol/L) 血乳酸(mmol/L) pH值 碳酸氢根离子(mmol/L) PLT(×109/L, ± s PT(s) APTT(s) INR FBG(g/L) D-二聚体(μg/L)
生存组 89 81(43,151) 19(14,29) 77(64,104) 6(4,9) 2.8(1.4,3.1) 7.40(7.39,7.46) 22(21,24) 214 ± 108 13(12,14) 30(26,34) 1.1(1.0,1.2) 4.1(3.0,5.3) 1 951(1 056,3 793)
死亡组 19 159(85,388) 45(33,78) 120(87,204) 10(8,13) 5.2(3.8,7.2) 7.34(7.24,7.42) 18(15,21) 175 ± 72 14(12,16) 36(30,45) 1.2(1.1,1.4) 3.1(2.7,6.6) 5 785(4 310,14 809)
H/t   3.179 4.921 3.583 3.332 4.730 3.152 4.233 1.488 2.600 2.732 2.495 0.952 4.289
P   0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 0.002 < 0.001 0.140 0.009 0.006 0.013 0.341 < 0.001
图1 Lasso-Logistic回归下影响急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞预后相关指标的筛选 注:a图显示λ与模型误差,通过Lasso-Logistic回归模型选择最具预测价值的变量,第一条虚线表示均方误差最小时的λ值(λ = 0.031),第二条虚线表示距离均方误差最小时一个标准误的λ值(λ = 0.164),本研究选择第一条虚线构建回归模型,上排横坐标为非零系数变量的个数;b图显示随着λ值(惩罚力度)增加,变量个数不断减少,部分变量系数变为0,因部分变量数字重叠故在图中未显示
表3 影响ASMAE患者预后的危险因素分析
图2 预测ASMAE患者死亡概率的列线图 注:ASMAE.急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞;SOFA.序贯器官衰竭估计;图中红点表示1位83岁ASMAE患者入院,根据第1次化验得出,乳酸3.8 mmol/L,SOFA评分8分,对照列线图,分别记作年龄50分,乳酸40分,SOFA评分75分,总分165分,该患者有92.7%可能出现死亡
图3 列线图预测ASMAE患者死亡概率的ROC曲线 注:ASMAE.急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞;ROC.受试者工作特征
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