| 1 |
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5)[M]. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
|
| 2 |
Reade MC, O'Sullivan K, Bates S, et al. Dexmedeto-midine vs. haloperidol in delirious, agitated, intubated patients: a randomised open-label trial[J]. Crit Care, 2009, 13 (3): R75.
|
| 3 |
Bledowski J, Trutia A. A review of pharmacologic management and prevention strategies for delirium in the intensive care unit[J]. Psychosomatics, 2012, 53 (3): 203-211.
|
| 4 |
Siddiqi N, Stockdale R, Britton AM, et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised patients [J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007, 18 (2): CD005563.
|
| 5 |
Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Carson SS, et al. Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Crit Care Med, 2010, 38 (2): 428-437.
|
| 6 |
Swan JT, Fitousis K, Hall JB, et al. Antipsychotic use and diagnosis of delirium in the intensive care unit [J]. Crit Care, 2012, 16 (3): R84.
|
| 7 |
van den Boogaard M, Schoonhoven L, van Achterberg T, et al. Haloperidol prophylaxis in critically ill patients with a high risk for delirium[J]. Crit Care, 2013, 17 (1): R9.
|
| 8 |
Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, et al. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 369 (14): 1306-1316.
|
| 9 |
Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit[J]. JAMA, 2004, 291 (14): 1753-1762.
|
| 10 |
Halpern NA. Can the costs of critical care be controlled？[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2009, 15 (6): 591-596.
|
| 11 |
Gusmao-Flores D, Salluh JI, Chalhub RA, et al. The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) and intensive care delirium screening checklist (ICDSC) for the diagnosis of delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies[J]. Crit Care, 2012, 16 (4): R115.
|
| 12 |
Devlin JW, Bhat S, Roberts RJ, et al. Current perceptions and practices surrounding the recognition and treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 250 critical care pharmacists from eight states[J]. Ann Pharmacother, 2011, 45 (10): 1217-1229.
URL
|
| 13 |
Mac Sweeney R, Barber V, Page V, et al. A national survey of the management of delirium in UK intensive care units[J]. QJM, 2010, 103 (4): 243-251.
|
| 14 |
Trogrlic Z, Ista E, Slooter A, et al. Current practices in ICU delirium management: a prospective multicenter study in the Netherlands[J]. Crit Care, 2013, 17 (Suppl 2): P395.
|
| 15 |
Morandi A, Davis D, Taylor JK, et al. Consensus and variations in opinions on delirium care: a survey of European delirium specialists[J]. Int Psychogeriatr, 2013, 25 (12): 2067-2075.
URL
|
| 16 |
Bellelli G, Morandi A, Zanetti E, et al. Recognition and management of delirium among doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, and psychologists: an Italian survey[J]. Int Psychogeriatr, 2014, 26 (12): 2093-2102.
URL
|
| 17 |
Martin J, Heymann A, Basell K, et al. Evidence and consensus-based German guidelines for the management of analgesia, sedation and delirium in intensive care--short version[J]. Ger Med Sci, 2010 (8): Doc02.
|
| 18 |
Page VJ, Ely EW, Gates S, et al. Effect of intravenous haloperidol on the duration of delirium and coma in critically ill patients (Hope-ICU): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2013, 1 (7): 515-523.
|
| 19 |
Al-Qadheeb NS, Skrobik Y, Schumaker G, et al. Preventing ICU subsyndromal delirium conversion to delirium with low-dose IV haloperidol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study[J]. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44 (3): 583-591.
|
| 20 |
van den Boogaard M, Slooter AJC, Brüggemann RJM, et al. Effect of haloperidol on survival among critically ill adults with a high risk of delirium: the REDUCE randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2018, 319 (7): 680-690.
|
| 21 |
Wang W, Li HL, Wang DX, et al. Haloperidol prophylaxis decreases delirium incidence in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Crit Care Med, 2012, 40 (3): 731-739.
|
| 22 |
Cavallazzi R, Saad M, Marik PE. Delirium in the ICU: an overview[J]. Ann Intensive Care, 2012, 2 (1): 49.
|
| 23 |
何珊，左泽兰. 镇静镇痛状态下危重症患儿谵妄评估研究进展[J/CD]. 中华危重症医学杂志（电子版），2018，11(1):55-59.
URL
|
| 24 |
Wang EH, Mabasa VH, Loh GW, et al. Haloperidol dosing strategies in the treatment of delirium in the critically ill[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2012, 16 (1): 170-183.
URL
|
| 25 |
Santos E, Cardoso D, Neves H, et al. Effectiveness of haloperidol prophylaxis in critically ill patients with a high risk of delirium: a systematic review[J]. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep, 2017, 15 (5): 1440-1472.
|
| 26 |
Schrijver EJ, de Graaf K, de Vries OJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of haloperidol for in-hospital delirium prevention and treatment: a systematic review of current evidence[J]. Eur J Intern Med, 2016 (27): 14-23.
|
| 27 |
Yoon HJ, Park KM, Choi WJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2013 (13): 240.
|
| 28 |
Boettger S, Friedlander M, Breitbart W, et al. Aripiprazole and haloperidol in the treatment of delirium [J]. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2011, 45 (6): 477-482.
|
| 29 |
Schwartz TL, Masand PS. Treatment of delirium with quetiapine[J]. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, 2000, 2 (1): 10-12.
|
| 30 |
Barr J, Pandharipande PP. The pain, agitation, and delirium care bundle: synergistic benefits of implementing the 2013 pain, agitation, and delirium guidelines in an integrated and interdisciplinary fashion[J]. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41 (9 Suppl 1): S99-S115.
|