| [1] |
Harris J, Ramelet AS, van Dijk M, et al. Clinical r-ecommendations for pain, sedation, withdrawal and delirium assessment in critically ill infants and children: an ESPNIC position statement for healthcare professionals[J]. J Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42 (6): 972-986.
|
| [2] |
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and st-atistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5)[M]. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
|
| [3] |
Brummel NE, Vasilevskis EE, Han JH, et al. Imp-lementing delirium screening in the ICU: secrets to success[J]. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41 (9): 2196-2208.
|
| [4] |
徐瑾，许义新，庄建华.谵妄的非神经系统病因分析及处理原则[J].现代医药卫生，2016，32（20）：3173-3175.
|
| [5] |
Smeets IA, Tan EY, Vossen HG, et al. Prolonged stay at the paediatric intensive care unit associated with paediatric delirium[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2010, 19 (4): 389-393.
|
| [6] |
Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, et al. Lo-razepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients[J]. Anesthesiology, 2006, 104 (1): 21-26.
|
| [7] |
Ely EW, Truman B, Speroff T, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit[J]. JAMA, 2004, 291 (14): 1753-1762.
|
| [8] |
Traube C, Mauer EA, Gerber LM, et al. Cost as-sociated with pediatric delirium in the ICU[J]. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44 (12): e1175-e1179.
|
| [9] |
van Tuijl SG, van Cauteren YJ, Pikhard T, et al. M-anagement of pediatric delirium in critical illness: a practical update[J]. Minerva Anestesiol, 2014, 81 (3): 333-341.
|
| [10] |
van der Zwaan S, Blankespoor RJ, Wolters AM, et al. Additional use of methotrimeprazine for treating refractory agitation in pediatric patients[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2012, 38 (1): 175-176.
|
| [11] |
Silver G, Traube C, Kearney J, et al. Detecting pediatric delirium: development of a rapid observational assessment tool[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2012, 38 (6): 1025-1031.
|
| [12] |
Smith HA, Gangopadhyay M, Goben CM, et al. The preschool confusion assessment method for the ICU: valid and reliable delirium monitoring for critically ill infants and children[J]. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44 (3): 592-600.
|
| [13] |
潘江霞，梁军，何莉莉.腹部肿瘤患者术后谵妄的护理干预研究[J/CD].中华危重症医学杂志（电子版），2016，9（1）：67-69.
|
| [14] |
Schieveld JN, Leroy PL, van Os J, et al. Pediatric delirium in critical illness: phenomenology, clinical correlates and treatment response in 40 cases in the pediatric intensive care unit[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2007, 33 (6): 1033-1040.
|
| [15] |
Veiga DC, Parente D, Fernandes V, et al. Po-stoperative delirium in intensive care patients:risk factors and outcome[J]. Rev Bras Anestesiol, 2012, 62 (4): 469-483.
|
| [16] |
Seymour CW, Pandharipande PP, Koestner T, et al. Diurnal sedative changes during intensive care: impact on liberation from mechanical ventilation and delirium[J]. Crit Care Med, 2012, 40 (10): 2788-2796.
|
| [17] |
陈鹏，陈文泽，王鑫，等.重症医学科谵妄的发生、危险因素及预后调查[J/CD].中华危重症医学杂志（电子版），2014，7（3）：207-211.
|
| [18] |
黄洁，肖倩，吴瑛，等. ICU谵妄危险因素的Meta分析[J].中华护理杂志，2010，45（1）：6-9.
|
| [19] |
van den Boogaard M, Pickkers P, Slooter AJ, et al. Development and validation of PRE-DELIRIC (PREdiction of DELIRium in ICU patients) delirium prediction model for intensive care patients: observational multicentre study[J]. BMJ, 2012, 344 (1): e420.
|
| [20] |
Wassenaar A, van den Boogaard M, van Achterberg T, et al. Multinational development and validation of an early prediction model for delirium in ICU patients[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2015, 41 (6): 1048-1056.
|
| [21] |
Hatherill S, Flisher AJ. Delirium in children and a-dolescents: a systematic review of the literature[J]. J Psychosom Res, 2010, 68 (4): 337-344.
|
| [22] |
Silver GH, Kearney JA, Kutko MC, et al. Infant d-elirium in pediatric critical care settings[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 2010, 167 (10): 1172-1177.
|
| [23] |
Traube C, Silver G, Reeder RW, et al. Delirium in critically ill children: an international point prevanlence study[J]. Crit Care Med, 2017, 45 (4): 584-590.
|
| [24] |
Smith HA, Boyd J, Fuchs DC, et al. Diagnosing d-elirium in critically ill children: validity and reliability of the pediatric confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit[J]. Crit Care Med, 2011, 39 (1): 150-157.
|
| [25] |
Sikich N, Lerman J. Development and psychometric evaluation of the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale[J]. Anesthesiology, 2004, 100 (5): 1138-1145.
|
| [26] |
Janssen NJ, Tan EY, Staal M, et al. On the utility of diagnostic instruments for pediatric delirium in critical illness: an evaluation of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, the Delirium Rating Scale 88, and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised R-98[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2011, 37 (8): 1331-1337.
|
| [27] |
Dorfman TL, Sumamo SE, Rempel GR, et al. An e-valuation of instruments for scoring physiological and behavioral cues of pain, non-pain related distress, and adequacy of analgesia and sedation in pediatric mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 2014, 51 (4): 654-676.
|
| [28] |
Traube C, Silver G, Kearney J, et al. Cornell Ass-essment of Pediatric Delirium: a valid, rapid, observational tool for screening delirium in the PICU[J]. Crit Care Med, 2014, 42 (3): 656-663.
|
| [29] |
许峰，钱素云，喻文亮，等.儿童重症监护治疗病房镇痛和镇静治疗专家共识（2013版）[J].中华儿科杂志，2014，52（3）：189-193.
|
| [30] |
陈惠瑶.不同镇静方案对ICU危重症患者谵妄发生率影响[J].医疗装备，2015，28（9）：178-179.
|
| [31] |
Yoon HJ, Park KM, Choi WJ, et al. Efficacy and s-afety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2013, 13 (1): 240.
|
| [32] |
Luetz A, Gensel D, Muller J, et al. Validity of d-ifferent delirium assessment tools for critically ill children: covariates matter[J]. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44 (11): 2060-2069.
|
| [33] |
Daoud A, Joffe AR, Duff JP, et al. Diagnostic ac-curacy of delirium diagnosis inpediatric intensive care a systematic review[J]. Crit Care, 2014, 18 (5): 489.
|
| [34] |
Schieveld JN, van Zwieten JJ. From pediatrics to g-eriatrics: toward a unified standardized screening tool for delirium: a thought experiment[J]. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44 (9): 1778-1780.
|
| [35] |
Kerson AG, DeMaria R, Mauer E, et al. Validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) in critically ill children[J]. J Intensive Care, 2016, 4 (1): 65.
|
| [36] |
Silver G, Kearney J, Traube C, et al. Delirium s-creening anchored in child development: the Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium[J]. Palliat Support Care, 2015, 13 (4): 1005-1011.
|