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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 131 -138. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2026.02.006

论著

早期下床活动对ICU内肝移植患者术后康复的影响
吴柔娜1, 王珏涵2, 范登煌1, 鲍王筱1, 毛琳1, 王大明1,()   
  1. 1310003 杭州,浙江大学医学院附属第一医院康复医学科
    2310058 杭州,浙江大学医学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2026-04-30
  • 通信作者: 王大明

Effect of early ambulation on postoperative recovery in liver transplant patients admitted to ICU

Rouna Wu1, Juehan Wang2, Denghuang Fan1, Wangxiao Bao1, Lin Mao1, Daming Wang1,()   

  1. 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
    2School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • Received:2025-09-01 Published:2026-04-30
  • Corresponding author: Daming Wang
引用本文:

吴柔娜, 王珏涵, 范登煌, 鲍王筱, 毛琳, 王大明. 早期下床活动对ICU内肝移植患者术后康复的影响[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(02): 131-138.

Rouna Wu, Juehan Wang, Denghuang Fan, Wangxiao Bao, Lin Mao, Daming Wang. Effect of early ambulation on postoperative recovery in liver transplant patients admitted to ICU[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2026, 19(02): 131-138.

目的

探讨早期下床活动对ICU内肝移植患者术后康复的影响。

方法

根据早期渐进式活动方案的介入时间,将2022年12月至2024年6月收治的肝移植术后患者分为观察组及对照组,每组各28例患者。观察组于移植术后第1天开始执行渐进式活动方案,对照组则于术后第7天开始实施相同方案。比较两组患者的临床指标(气管插管留置时间、胃管留置时间、肝移植ICU住院时间、总住院时间),康复指标[Rivermead运动指数(RMI)、徒手肌力评分(MMT)]及术前1 d(T0)及术后第2、4、6、8、10、12、14天(T1 ~ T7)肝肾功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素、尿素、肌酐]。

结果

观察组患者的气管插管留置时间(Z = 3.543,P < 0.001)、胃管留置时间(Z = 3.260,P = 0.001)、肝移植ICU住院时间(Z = 3.271,P = 0.001)及总住院时间(Z = 2.943,P = 0.003)均显著短于对照组。术后2周,观察组患者的MMT(Z = 3.533,P < 0.001)与RMI(Z = 3.159,P = 0.002)均显著高于对照组。两组患者的ALT(χ2 = 295.510,P < 0.001)、AST(χ2 = 311.721,P < 0.001)及总胆红素(χ2 = 145.279,P < 0.001)水平在手术前后各时间点比较差异均有统计学意义。观察组患者的ALT和AST水平在T2时间点均显著低于对照组(P均< 0.05),观察组患者总胆红素水平在T5 ~ T7期间均显著低于对照组(P均< 0.05)。两组患者手术前后各时间点间尿素(F = 3.433,P = 0.069)及肌酐(F = 0.063,P = 0.803)水平的比较差异均无统计学意义。

结论

肝移植术后早期下床活动有利于患者术后康复。

Objective

To investigate the effect of early ambulation on postoperative rehabilitation in ICU patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Methods

Based on the intervention timing under the early progressive activity regimen, liver transplant patients between December 2022 and June 2024 were divided into an observation group and a control group, with 28 patients in each group. The observation group initiated a progressive activity regimen on the first post-transplantation day, while the control group began the same regimen on the seventh postoperative day. The clinical indicators (endotracheal tube retention time, gastric tube retention time, liver transplant ICU hospitalization time, and total hospitalization duration), recovery indicators [Rivermead mobility index (RMT) and manual muscle test (MMT)], and liver and kidney function indicators [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine] on the day before the operation (T0) and on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, and 14th days after the operation (T1 to T7) were compared between the two groups.

Results

The endotracheal tube retention time (Z = 3.543, P < 0.001), gastric tube retention time (Z = 3.260, P = 0.001), liver transplant ICU hospitalization time (Z = 3.271, P = 0.001), and total hospitalization time (Z = 2.943, P = 0.003) of the observation group were all significantly shorter than those of the control group. Two weeks after the operation, the MMT (Z = 3.533, P < 0.001) and RMI (Z = 3.159, P = 0.002) of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were significant differences in the levels of ALT (χ2 = 295.510, P < 0.001), AST (χ2 = 311.721, P < 0.001), and total bilirubin (χ2 = 145.279, P < 0.001) between the two groups at all time points before and after the operation. Moreover, the levels of ALT and AST in the observation group were much lower than those in the control group at the T2 time point (both P < 0.05), and the total bilirubin level in the observation group was much lower than that in the control group during the T5 to T7 period (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of urea (F = 3.433, P = 0.069) and creatinine (F = 0.063, P = 0.803) at all time points before and after the operation between the two groups.

Conclusion

Early ambulation after liver transplantation is beneficial for postoperative recovery.

表1 肝移植患者围手术期活动方案
表2 两组肝移植患者一般资料比较
图1 两组肝移植患者术后临床指标的比较注:与对照组比较,aP < 0.05
图2 两组肝移植患者术后康复指标的比较注:MMT.徒手肌力评分;RMI. Rivermead运动指数;与对照组比较,aP < 0.05
表3 两组肝移植患者治疗期间肝肾功能指标的比较
组别 时间 例数 ALT[U/L,MP25P75)] AST[U/L,MP25P75)] 总胆红素[μmol/L,MP25P75)] 尿素(mmol/L, ± s 肌酐(μmol/L, ± s
观察组              
  T0 28 37.00(21.50,70.50) 51.00(38.50,88.00) 194.50(54.10,464.10) 4.9 ± 2.8 66 ± 38
  T1 28 503.50(261.25,628.75)a 1 172.50(665.50,2 114.25)a 102.40(72.50,202.60) 8.5 ± 2.8 81 ± 31
  T2 28 367.50(214.50,668.00)ab 460.50(342.50,742.00)ab 106.40(59.90,186.80) 10.2 ± 3.4 79 ± 37
  T3 28 294.50(184.00,611.00)a 254.00(141.25,362.25)a 89.10(59.70,194.80) 9.9 ± 3.3 75 ± 39
  T4 28 183.50(122.00,425.25)ac 93.00(74.50,149.75)cd 90.30(38.20,143.40) 8.4 ± 3.1 67 ± 39
  T5 28 150.00(84.75,302.25)cde 57.00(40.00,89.25)cde 59.60(25.80,116.50)abcd 8.6 ± 3.5 67 ± 39
  T6 28 121.50(61.50,226.00)cdef 38.50(30.25,54.25)cdef 43.50(20.70,98.60)abcde 9.0 ± 3.8 72 ± 56
  T7 28 90.00(50.75,189.75)cdef 33.50(28.25,51.25)cdef 26.80(13.40,46.40)abcdef 8.2 ± 3.0 68 ± 39
对照组              
  T0 28 55.50(31.25,100.50) 73.00(45.25,91.25) 362.85(255.48,494.00) 6.2 ± 5.0 69 ± 48
  T1 28 672.50(303.00,1 581.75)a 1 231.00(838.75,3 422.00)a 154.45(81.55,253.23)a 10.5 ± 5.3 84 ± 41
  T2 28 817.50(254.25,1 518.75)a 936.00(332.50,2 242.00)a 161.60(84.10,230.38)a 12.0 ± 6.2 82 ± 47
  T3 28 636.00(209.75,1 057.00)a 329.50(130.00,809.75)a 130.80(95.20,221.80)a 11.8 ± 6.5 76 ± 41
  T4 28 405.00(135.50,714.50)acd 145.50(61.25,273.75)cd 119.85(68.18,204.08)a 10.2 ± 5.5 69 ± 34
  T5 28 270.50(80.50,428.00)cde 70.00(34.25,149.25)cde 125.20(63.03,185.48)a 9.5 ± 5.8 67 ± 33
  T6 28 175.50(71.50,224.75)cdef 51.00(32.50,88.75)cdef 82.75(31.43,191.75)a 10.9 ± 6.3 72 ± 37
  T7 28 113.50(61.25,186.75)cdef 37.50(27.00,65.00)cdef 77.75(41.63,146.50)ae 11.4 ± 7.1 76 ± 36
χ2/F     295.510 311.721 145.279 3.433 0.063
P     < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.069 0.803
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