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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (04) : 285 -292. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2024.04.003

论著

基于肾周CT特征结合血清肌酐水平探讨脓毒症伴急性肾损伤的早期识别
张婧琦1, 江洋1, 孙佳璐1, 唐兴喆1, 赵宇飞1, 崔颖1, 李信响1, 戴景月1, 傅琳1, 彭新桂1,()   
  1. 1. 210009 南京,东南大学附属中大医院放射科
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-19 出版日期:2024-08-31
  • 通信作者: 彭新桂
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81871412、82272064); 江苏省科技厅面上项目(BK20221461)

Early identification of sepsis with acute kidney injury by perirenal CT features combined with serum creatinine

Jingqi Zhang1, Yang Jiang1, Jialu Sun1, Xingzhe Tang1, Yufei Zhao1, Ying Cui1, Xinxiang Li1, Jingyue Dai1, lin Fu1, Xingui Peng1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
  • Received:2023-11-19 Published:2024-08-31
  • Corresponding author: Xingui Peng
引用本文:

张婧琦, 江洋, 孙佳璐, 唐兴喆, 赵宇飞, 崔颖, 李信响, 戴景月, 傅琳, 彭新桂. 基于肾周CT特征结合血清肌酐水平探讨脓毒症伴急性肾损伤的早期识别[J]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(04): 285-292.

Jingqi Zhang, Yang Jiang, Jialu Sun, Xingzhe Tang, Yufei Zhao, Ying Cui, Xinxiang Li, Jingyue Dai, lin Fu, Xingui Peng. Early identification of sepsis with acute kidney injury by perirenal CT features combined with serum creatinine[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 17(04): 285-292.

目的

探讨脓毒症伴急性肾损伤(AKI)患者入ICU 24 h内的肾周CT影像特征,建立并验证临床-影像诊断模型。

方法

回顾性分析东南大学附属中大医院2016年12月至2020年10月收治的336例ICU脓毒症患者,根据患者入ICU的时间,将2016年12月至2019年12月收治的251例脓毒症患者纳入训练组,2020年1月至2020年10月收治的85例脓毒症患者纳入验证组。根据患者是否合并AKI,将训练组患者分为脓毒症不伴AKI组(139例)和脓毒症伴AKI组(112例)。收集与AKI发生相关的临床指标,并分析患者入ICU 24 h内的肾周CT影像指标。对每个变量进行单因素分析,并将P < 0.05的变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析,得到与AKI发生独立相关的临床和影像指标,建立并验证临床-影像诊断模型。

结果

脓毒症伴AKI组和脓毒症不伴AKI组脓毒症感染部位、实验室指标(血清肌酐升高、血清尿素氮升高、血清碳酸氢盐、估算肾小球滤过率)及急性病生理学和长期健康评价Ⅱ评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。影像指标中,脓毒症伴AKI组的左肾周筋膜增厚发生率及左肾周脂肪密度相对百分比均更高、左肾后脂肪厚度更厚(P均< 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示血清肌酐升高[比值比(OR)= 40.495,95%置信区间(CI)(18.805,87.200),P < 0.001]、左侧肾周筋膜增厚[OR = 3.437,95%CI(1.597,7.398),P = 0.002]均是脓毒症患者伴发AKI的独立危险因素。训练组临床-影像诊断模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)为0.894[95%CI(0.850,0.929),P < 0.001],验证组的AUC为0.877[95%CI(0.788,0.938),P < 0.001]。

结论

脓毒症患者入ICU 24 h内腹部CT平扫特征——左肾周筋膜增厚是脓毒症伴AKI独立危险因素,联合基线血清肌酐水平增高提示脓毒症伴AKI的发生。

Objective

To investigate the perirenal features of septic patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) using non-contrast-enhanced CT performed within 24 hours of admission to the ICU, and then to establish and validate a clinical-image model for diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 336 septic patients in the ICU of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University from December 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 251 septic patients admitted from December 2016 to December 2019 were included in the training group, and 85 septic patients admitted from January 2020 to October 2020 were included in the validation group. According to whether the patients were associated with AKI, the training group was divided into a sepsis without AKI group (139 patients) and a sepsis with AKI group (112 patients). Clinical indicators related to AKI were collected, and perirenal features on CT images obtained within 24 hours of admission to the ICU were analyzed. Next, univariate analysis was performed for each variable, and variables with P < 0.05 were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to find clinical and imaging indicators independently associated with the occurrence of AKI. A clinical-image model for diagnosis was then established and validated.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in the infection source of sepsis, laboratory indicators (increased serum creatinine, increased blood urea nitrogen, serum bicarbonate and estimated glomerular filtration rate) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score between the sepsis without AKI group and sepsis with AKI group (all P < 0.05). Among the CT features, the sepsis with AKI group was associated with a higher incidence of left thickened perirenal fascia, a higher relative percentage of left perirenal fat density and thicker left retrorenal fat thickness, as compared with sepsis without AKI group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed increased serum creatinine [odds ratio (OR) = 40.495, 95% confidence interval (CI) (18.805, 87.200), P < 0.001] and left thickened perirenal fascia [OR = 3.437, 95%CI (1.597, 7.398), P = 0.002] were independent risk factors for AKI in septic patients. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the clinical-image model for diagnosis was 0.894 [95%CI (0.850, 0.929), P < 0.001] in the training group and 0.877 [95%CI (0.788, 0.938), P < 0.001] in the validation group.

Conclusions

The left thickened perirenal fascia, a feature of septic patients on non-contrast-enhanced CT images performed within 24 hours of admission to the ICU, is an independent risk factor for AKI in septic patients. The combination of this feature and an increased serum creatinine level at baseline may suggest the presence of AKI in septic patients.

图1 不同肾周脂肪及肾周筋膜CT影像特征的测量方法注:a图中实线箭头所示为左侧肾周筋膜增厚,虚线箭头所示为左侧肾周脂肪条纹征;b图中两个面积为0.1 cm2的圆形感兴趣区域分别代表肾周脂肪密度及腹背部皮下脂肪密度,实线双向箭头所示为左侧肾后脂肪的厚度
表1 训练组和验证组脓毒症患者基线临床资料比较
组别 例数 年龄[岁,MP25P75)] 男性[例(%)] 慢性病史[例(%)] 有创机械通气[例(%)] ARDS[例(%)]
糖尿病 高血压 心功能不全
训练组 251 67(53,78) 182(72.5) 44(17.5) 124(49.4) 36(14.3) 127(50.6) 148(59.0)
验证组 85 65(56,79) 63(74.1) 21(24.7) 38(44.7) 12(14.1) 46(54.1) 43(50.6)
Z/χ2   0.202 0.083 2.096 0.561 0.003 0.315 1.816
P   0.840 0.773 0.148 0.454 0.959 0.575 0.178
组别 例数 脓毒症感染部位[例(%)] 使用药物[例(%)] APACHEⅡ评分[分,MP25P75)] AKI发生率[例(%)]
呼吸系统 消化系统 血流感染 其他 ARB/ACEI 利尿剂
训练组 251 145(57.8) 75(29.9) 10(4.0) 21(8.4) 27(10.8) 14(5.6) 22(16,29) 112(44.6)
验证组 85 33(38.8) 33(38.8) 5(5.9) 14(16.5) 12(14.1) 3(3.5) 22(14,28) 47(55.3)
Z/χ2   10.398 0.699 0.210 0.082 2.901
P   0.015 0.403 0.647 0.934 0.089
组别 例数 实验室指标 AKI分级[例(%)]
血清肌酐升高[例(%)] 血清尿素氮升高[例(%)] 血清碳酸氢[mmol/L,MP25P75)] eGFR[mL/min,MP25P75)] 1级 2级 3级
训练组 251 115(45.8) 164(65.3) 20.65(18.00,25.00) 63(31,94) 31(12.4) 29(11.6) 52(20.7)
验证组 85 44(51.8) 50(58.8) 21.20(18.45,23.95) 55(31,90) 10(11.8) 20(23.5) 17(20.0)
Z/χ2   0.901 1.165 0.082 0.693 7.651
P   0.342 0.280 0.934 0.488 0.054
表2 脓毒症不伴AKI组和脓毒症伴AKI组患者基线临床资料比较
表3 脓毒症不伴AKI组和脓毒症伴AKI组患者影像指标比较
表4 脓毒症患者伴AKI独立相关变量的单因素logistic回归分析
图2 训练组(a)及验证组(b)脓毒症患者伴AKI的ROC曲线分析注:AKI.急性肾损伤;ROC.受试者工作特征
图3 肺部感染源性脓毒症患者左肾及肾周情况临床-影像模型的应用示例注:AKI.急性肾损伤;a图所示图像为1例脓毒症不伴AKI患者的左肾及肾周情况,该患者血清肌酐未升高,左肾周筋膜未增厚,患AKI的概率为0.07;b图所示图像为1例脓毒症伴AKI患者的左肾及肾周情况,该患者血清肌酐升高,左肾周筋膜增厚,患AKI的概率为0.91
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