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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (01) : 3 -9. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2024.01.001

论著

危重型新型冠状病毒感染合并侵袭性肺曲霉病的临床特征和高危因素分析
钱雅君1, 虞竹溪1, 徐颖1, 董丹江1, 顾勤1,()   
  1. 1. 210009 南京,南京大学医学院附属南京鼓楼医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-26 出版日期:2024-02-29
  • 通信作者: 顾勤
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科技计划项目(BE2018700)

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of invasive pulmonary aspergillois in critically ill corona virus disease 2019 patients

Yajun Qian1, Zhuxi Yu1, Ying Xu1, Danjiang Dong1, Qin Gu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China
  • Received:2023-04-26 Published:2024-02-29
  • Corresponding author: Qin Gu
引用本文:

钱雅君, 虞竹溪, 徐颖, 董丹江, 顾勤. 危重型新型冠状病毒感染合并侵袭性肺曲霉病的临床特征和高危因素分析[J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(01): 3-9.

Yajun Qian, Zhuxi Yu, Ying Xu, Danjiang Dong, Qin Gu. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of invasive pulmonary aspergillois in critically ill corona virus disease 2019 patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 17(01): 3-9.

目的

确定ICU中新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)相关性肺曲霉菌病(CAPA)的患病率与预后,并分析CAPA的高危因素,为早期诊断、及时治疗提供依据。

方法

选择南京鼓楼医院重症医学科2022年12月至2023年1月诊断为危重型COVID-19的74例患者,根据诊断标准分为CAPA组(22例)和非CAPA组(52例),比较两组患者的基本信息、起病症状、实验室检查、影像特征,分析其疾病严重程度及预后指标。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析CAPA的危险因素。

结果

22例CAPA中确诊病例1例,临床拟诊21例;诊断CAPA的时间为入院后(8 ± 5)d。CAPA组和非CAPA组患者淋巴细胞[(0.33 ± 0.25)× 109/L vs.(0.58 ± 0.55)× 109/L,t = 4.233,P = 0.019]、C反应蛋白[(95 ± 80)mg/L vs.(63 ± 45)mg/L,t = 8.940,P = 0.012]、白细胞介素6(IL-6)[225(14,15 432)ng/L vs. 52(5,2 245)ng/L,Z = 4.949,P = 0.024]、人类白细胞DR抗原(HLA-DR)[(31 ± 24)% vs.(42 ± 27)%,t = 4.553,P = 0.042]、激素治疗时间≥ 7 d(13/22 vs. 16/52,χ2 = 5.200,P = 0.023)、应用托珠单抗治疗(4/22 vs. 1/52,χ2 = 4.157,P = 0.041)及预后不良情况(16/22 vs. 24/52,χ2 = 4.401,P = 0.036)比较,差异均有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,入院时淋巴细胞< 0.35 × 109/L[比值比(OR)= 1.970,95%置信区间(CI)(1.044,3.675),P = 0.038]、C反应蛋白> 63.5 mg/L[OR = 3.441,95%CI(1.609,7.324),P = 0.006]及激素治疗时间≥ 7 d[OR = 4.276,95%CI(2.043,8.433),P = 0.012]为CAPA发生的危险因素。

结论

1/4以上的危重型COVID-19患者合并CAPA,并导致不良的临床预后。淋巴细胞减少、严重炎症反应及长时间应用糖皮质激素均可导致CAPA的发生,临床需针对高危人群及早筛查及治疗,改善预后。

Objective

To determine the prevalence and prognosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in the ICU, and to analyze the risk factors of CAPA, to provide a basis for early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Methods

A total of 74 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from December 2022 to January 2023 were selected. According to the diagnostic criteria, patients were divided into a CAPA group (n = 22) and a non-CAPA group (n = 52). Then the basic information, onset symptoms, laboratory examinations and imaging characteristics of patients in the two groups were compared, and the disease severity and prognostic indicators were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of CAPA.

Results

Among the 22 CAPA patients, one was confirmed and 21 were clinically suspected. The diagnostic time of CAPA was mostly (8 ± 5) d after admission. The lymphocyte count [(0.33 ± 0.25) × 109/L vs. (0.58 ± 0.55) × 109/L, t = 4.233, P = 0.019], C-reactive protein [(95 ± 80) mg/L vs. (63 ± 45) mg/L, t = 8.940, P = 0.012], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [225 (14, 15 432) ng/L vs. 52 (5, 2 245) ng/L, Z = 4.949, P = 0.024], human leukocyte DR antigen (HLA-DR) [(31 ± 24)% vs. (42 ± 27)%, t = 4.553, P = 0.042], duration of hormone therapy ≥ 7 d (13/22 vs. 16/52, χ2 = 5.200, P = 0.023), tocilizumab treatment (4/22 vs. 1/52, χ2 = 4.157, P = 0.041) and poor prognosis (16/22 vs. 24/52, χ2 = 4.401, P = 0.036) in the CAPA and non-CAPA groups showed statistically significant differences. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the lymphocytes at admission < 0.35 × 109/L [odds ratio (OR) = 1.970, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.044, 3.675), P = 0.038], C-reactive protein > 63.5 mg/L [OR = 3.441, 95%CI (1.609, 7.324), P = 0.006] and duration of hormone therapy ≥ 7 d [OR = 4.276, 95%CI (2.043, 8.433), P = 0.012] were risk factors for the occurrence of CAPA.

Conclusions

More than a quarter of critically ill COVID-19 patients are associated with CAPA, which leads to poor clinical outcomes. The low lymphocyte count, severe inflammatory response and long-term use of glucocorticoid may induce the occurrence of CAPA. Early screening and treatment for high-risk groups are needed to improve the prognosis.

表1 两组COVID-19患者一般资料比较
表2 两组COVID-19患者临床特征比较( ± s
表3 两组COVID-19患者疾病严重程度及预后比较( ± s
表4 继发CAPA的多因素logistic回归分析
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