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中华危重症医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (05) : 382 -389. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6880.2023.05.006

论著

急性胰腺炎合并急性肾损伤患者的预后评估
张秋彬, 张楠, 林清婷, 徐军, 朱华栋, 姜辉()   
  1. 570100 海口,海南医学院第二附属医院急诊科
    100730 北京,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京协和医院急诊科、疑难重症及罕见病国家重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-14 出版日期:2023-10-31
  • 通信作者: 姜辉

Prognostic evaluation of acute pancreatitis complicated with acute renal injury

Qiubin Zhang, Nan Zhang, Qingting Lin, Jun Xu, Huadong Zhu, Hui Jiang()   

  1. Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570100, China
    Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2022-07-14 Published:2023-10-31
  • Corresponding author: Hui Jiang
引用本文:

张秋彬, 张楠, 林清婷, 徐军, 朱华栋, 姜辉. 急性胰腺炎合并急性肾损伤患者的预后评估[J]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 16(05): 382-389.

Qiubin Zhang, Nan Zhang, Qingting Lin, Jun Xu, Huadong Zhu, Hui Jiang. Prognostic evaluation of acute pancreatitis complicated with acute renal injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2023, 16(05): 382-389.

目的

评估急性胰腺炎(AP)合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的短期预后,并建立一个可预测AP合并AKI患者院内死亡风险的模型,探索其预后影响因素。

方法

从重症监护医学信息数据库(MIMIC)Ⅳ 0.4中提取AP患者的临床数据。其后采用单因素及多因素logistic回归方法探索影响AP合并AKI患者预后的危险因素,在此基础上构建列线图。通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,判断其准确性。

结果

共纳入1 213例AP患者,根据AP患者是否合并AKI,将其分为AKI组(739例)和非AKI组(474例),两组患者院内病死率分别为9.9%(73/739)和2.1%(10/474)。然后根据患者预后情况,将739例AP合并AKI患者分为存活组(666例)和死亡组(73例)。经单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,结果提示年龄[比值比(OR)= 1.033,95%置信区间(CI)(1.004,1.062),P = 0.024],入院类型中相对于急诊入院,紧急入院[OR = 2.203,95% CI(1.079,4.499),P = 0.030]、择期入院[OR = 0.134,95%CI(0.050,0.358),P < 0.001],高脂血症[OR = 0.241,95%CI(0.124,0.468),P < 0.001],简化急性生理功能评分Ⅱ(SAPSⅡ)[OR = 1.038,95%CI(1.014,1.062),P = 0.002],碳酸氢盐[OR = 0.910,95%CI(0.853,0.970),P = 0.004],休克[OR = 2.273,95%CI(1.166,4.429),P = 0.016]及腹腔间隔室综合征(ACS)[OR = 3.873,95%CI(1.173,12.788),P = 0.026]为AP合并AKI患者死亡的影响因素。根据影响因素构建预测模型,计算曲线下面积为0.885[95%CI(0.844,0.926),P < 0.001]。

结论

AP患者中,合并AKI者病情更严重,病死率明显升高,预后更差。基于年龄、入院类型、高脂血症、SAPSⅡ评分、碳酸氢盐、ACS、休克7项指标构建的列线图,对AP合并AKI患者具有较好的预测性能,有助于临床医生及时识别患者的死亡风险,从而采取更有效的治疗措施。

Objective

To explore the short-term prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI), and to establish a model that can predict the risk of in-hospital death in these patients so as to explore prognostic factors.

Methods

The clinical data of patients with AP were extracted from the medical information mart for intensive care (MIMIC) Ⅳ 0.4. Afterwards, single-factor and multi-factor logistic regression methods were used to explore the risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with AP combined with AKI. A nomogram was constructed on this basis and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to judge its accuracy.

Results

Depending on whether they had concomitant AKI, a total of 1 213 patients with AP were included and separated into an AKI group (739 patients) and a non-AKI group (474 patients). The in-hospital mortality for the two groups was 9.9% (73/739) and 2.1% (10/474), respectively. Then, 739 patients with AP and AKI were separated into survival (666 patients) and death (73 patients) groups based on their prognosis. The single-factor and multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.033, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.004, 1.062), P = 0.024], urgent admission [OR = 2.203, 95%CI (1.079, 4.499), P = 0.030] and selective admission [OR = 0.134, 95%CI (0.050, 0.358), P < 0.001] compared with emergent admission, hyperlipidemia [OR = 0.241, 95%CI (0.124, 0.468), P < 0.001], simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ (SAPSⅡ) score [OR = 1.038, 95%CI (1.014, 1.062), P = 0.002], bicarbonate [OR = 0.910, 95%CI (0.853, 0.970), P = 0.004], shock [OR = 2.273, 95%CI (1.166, 4.429), P = 0.016], and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) [OR = 3.873, 95%CI (1.173, 12.788), P = 0.026] were influencing factors for in-hospital death in patients with AP complicated with AKI. A predictive model was constructed based on these influencing factors, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to be 0.885 [95%CI (0.844, 0.926), P < 0.001].

Conclusions

Among AP patients, those with AKI are more seriously ill, with a significantly higher mortality rate and a worse prognosis. The nomogram constructed based on seven indicators of age, admission type, hyperlipidemia, SAPSⅡ score, bicarbonate, ACS, and shock has good predictive performance for patients with AP and AKI, which helps clinicians identify the risk of mortality in time and take more effective treatment measures.

表1 存活组与死亡组AP合并AKI患者一般资料比较[MP25P75)]
组别 例数 年龄(岁) 性别(例,男/女) 病因[例(%)] AKI分期[例(%)] 入院类型[例(%)]
胆源性 酒精性 药物性 其他 1期 2期 3期 紧急入院 急诊入院 择期入院
存活组 666 61(50,72) 388/278 51(7.7) 26(3.9) 2(0.3) 587(88.1) 279(41.9) 274(41.1) 113(17.0) 254(38.1) 88(13.2) 324(48.6)
死亡组 73 67(55,78) 43/30 3(4.1) 2(2.7) 0(0.0) 68(93.2) 22(30.1) 26(35.6) 25(34.2) 39(53.4) 28(38.4) 6(8.2)
Z/χ2   2.930 < 0.001 1.774 13.246 54.454
P   0.003 1.000 0.621 0.001 < 0.001
组别 例数 体质量(kg) 基础疾病[例(%)] Charlson评分(分) BISAP评分(分) SAPSⅡ评分(分)
高血压 高脂血症 糖尿病 心肌梗死 充血性心力衰竭 中重度CKD
存活组 666 81.70(69.03,99.27) 401(60.2) 388(58.3) 224(33.6) 61(9.2) 136(20.4) 171(25.7) 5.00(3.00,7.00) 2.00(2.00,3.00) 34.00(26.00,43.00)
死亡组 73 85.00(70.30,108.00) 31(42.5) 24(32.9) 23(31.5) 14(19.2) 17(23.3) 12(16.4) 6.00(4.00,8.00) 3.00(2.00,3.00) 50.00(39.00,58.00)
Z/χ2   1.239 7.815 16.167 0.055 6.185 0.178 2.538 3.806 2.972 7.023
P   0.216 0.005 < 0.001 0.814 0.013 0.673 0.111 < 0.001 0.003 < 0.001
组别 例数 SOFA评分(分) SIRS评分(分) 白细胞计数(× 109/L) 血红蛋白(g/L) 红细胞压积(%) 血小板计数(× 106/L) 血肌酐(mg/L) 尿素氮(mmol/L)
存活组 666 0.00(0.00,4.00) 3.00(2.00,3.00) 13.35(9.00,19.30) 96.0(81.0,113.0) 33.60(29.30,38.70) 167.00(108.00,251.75) 13.0(8.0,25.0) 25.00(15.00,42.75)
死亡组 73 3.00(0.00,7.00) 3.00(3.00,4.00) 16.00(12.50,23.60) 94.0(78.0,112.0) 33.20(29.10,41.00) 153.00(73.00,273.00) 20.0(11.0,33.0) 41.00(25.00,65.00)
Z/χ2   3.548 3.255 3.550 0.881 0.782 1.410 3.217 4.979
P   < 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 0.378 0.434 0.159 0.001 < 0.001
组别 例数 血钙(mg/L) 血钾(mmol/L) 血钠(mmol/L) 碳酸氢盐(mmol/L) RRT[例(%)] 机械通气[例(%)] 并发症[例(%)]
脓毒症 ARDS 休克 ACS
存活组 666 79.0(73.0,84.0) 4.40(4.00,5.00) 136.00(133.00,139.00) 21.00(17.00,24.00) 97(14.6) 173(26.0) 307(46.1) 11(1.7) 257(38.6) 16(2.4)
死亡组 73 75.0(66.0,81.0) 4.60(4.10,5.20) 137.00(133.00,140.00) 17.00(13.00,20.00) 32(43.8) 18(24.7) 45(61.6) 0(0.0) 48(65.8) 10(13.7)
Z/χ2   3.284 1.803 0.363 5.538 37.115 0.011 5.768 0.357 18.924 21.515
P   0.001 0.071 0.716 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.918 0.016 0.550 < 0.001 < 0.001
表2 AP合并AKI患者死亡风险的单因素和多因素logistic回归分析
变量 单因素logistic回归分析 多因素logistic回归分析
OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P
年龄 1.025 1.008 ~ 1.041 < 0.001 1.033 1.004 ~ 1.062 0.024
入院类型(急诊入院) 参考值
紧急入院 2.072 1.204 ~ 3.565 0.010 2.203 1.079 ~ 4.499 0.030
择期入院 0.121 0.050 ~ 0.289 < 0.001 0.134 0.050 ~ 0.358 < 0.001
AKI分期(1期) 参考值
2期 1.203 0.666 ~ 2.175 0.540 1.578 0.740 ~ 3.365 0.238
3期 2.806 1.520 ~ 5.180 < 0.001 1.029 0.439 ~ 2.414 0.948
高脂血症 0.351 0.210 ~ 0.586 < 0.001 0.241 0.124 ~ 0.468 < 0.001
高血压 0.488 0.299 ~ 0.796 < 0.001 0.922 0.493 ~ 1.726 0.800
心肌梗死 2.353 1.242 ~ 4.461 0.010 1.999 0.861 ~ 4.638 0.107
Charlson评分(分) 1.148 1.060 ~ 1.245 < 0.001 1.106 0.964 ~ 1.267 0.150
BISAP评分(分) 1.428 1.128 ~ 1.807 < 0.001 0.803 0.553 ~ 1.165 0.247
SAPSⅡ评分(分) 1.064 1.046 ~ 1.083 < 0.001 1.038 1.014 ~ 1.062 0.002
SOFA评分(分) 1.145 1.077 ~ 1.216 < 0.001 1.023 0.901 ~ 1.161 0.729
SIRS评分(分) 1.624 1.199 ~ 2.200 < 0.001 1.107 0.758 ~ 1.616 0.599
白细胞计数(× 109/L) 1.034 1.013 ~ 1.054 < 0.001 0.998 0.969 ~ 1.028 0.897
血肌酐(mg/L) 1.049 0.964 ~ 1.143 0.270 - - -
尿素氮(mmol/L) 1.016 1.009 ~ 1.023 < 0.001 1.004 0.993 ~ 1.015 0.471
血钙(mg/L) 0.656 0.530 ~ 0.812 < 0.001 1.060 0.781 ~ 1.438 0.708
碳酸氢盐(mmol/L) 0.889 0.852 ~ 0.929 < 0.001 0.910 0.853 ~ 0.970 0.004
RRT 4.578 2.749 ~ 7.624 < 0.001 1.923 0.897 ~ 4.124 0.093
脓毒症 1.879 1.145 ~ 3.085 0.010 1.155 0.440 ~ 3.030 0.769
休克 3.056 1.839 ~ 5.078 < 0.001 2.273 1.166 ~ 4.429 0.016
ACS 6.448 2.808 ~ 14.808 < 0.001 3.873 1.173 ~ 12.788 0.026
图1 预测AP合并AKI患者院内死亡风险的列线图注:AP.急性胰腺炎;AKI.急性肾损伤;ACS.腹腔间隔室综合征;SAPS.简化急性生理功能评分;其中入院类型(1:急诊入院,2:紧急入院,3:择期入院),高脂血症(0:否;1:是),ACS(0:否;1:是),休克(0:否;1:是)
图2 预测AP合并AKI患者院内死亡风险的ROC曲线注:AP.急性胰腺炎;AKI.急性肾损伤;ROC.受试者工作特征
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